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, , . , 㳿 , , , . , , . 33 (, ).

(. 33). , , : .

, , , (Cyrus Levinthal). ~10 , 100 10100 . ~1013 , , 1080 , . (. 33) : , , . ” , .

. , . . , ( ), , 㳿.

, 㳿, . , . (. 34) , , .

. , , . ³, . 㳿, . , , ( , 䳿).

. 33. 㳿 (G) (q1, q2), .

. 34. (. . 33).

, , . in vitro , : - . , :

, , . - 㳿 : , , 㳿.

. , : , , .

, in vivo , ~100 / . ,  , , . ( .chaperon , , ).

, , . , . , . hsp (heat shock proteins). hsp , hsp 30 40 ( ).

hsp70

. , ~100 Å, ~15 Å ~30 . , . hsp70 ( ) , . -, 䳺 (. 35), -.

. 35. - hsp70 ( DnaK) () 7 (1DKZ). , .

: . , hsp70.

ADP. , / . ó ( - hsp70 - hsp40) - . - ADP (. 36).

- . , : ( ) hsp70 . , , hsp70. : - , , . , . (, , . ), , hsp70, .

hsp70D , , : . hsp70 ( ), hsp90.

. 36. - hsp70.

hsp70 . . HSF (Heat Shock Factor) hsp40, hsp70, hsp90, . ϳ , , hsp HSF , hsp, . ϳ hsp HSF.

: hsp70 ( ) hsp90 - 23, - .

, hsp60, ᒺ . ( ) , hsp60 ( GroEL). ~45 Å , (. 37), , 7 hsp10 ( GroES).

. 37. GroEL (1WE3) . hsp60 ,7 hsp10 .

( ) , , , / .

, , (. 38). ( , ) ADP : 1) hsp10 ( ); 2)  . (ADP ) . hsp10 ( ) ( ) .

. 38. hsp60 (1WE3): ADP hsp10 () ().

, ADP ( ), : ( . 37).

. 39. . ʳ hsp60 ( . 39, ) , : , . : , ( ) . ~20 , , ( hsp60) ADP. ADP : , . 20 , . , .

 

. 39. . : , . ( . 37, 38), hsp10.

Ͳ

1. ? ? 䳿 ?

2. ? , .

3. -? ?

4. - ?

5. ? ? .

6. ? ?

7. ?

8. .

9. ?

10. EF1 EF2.

11. GTP ?

12. ?

13. - ?

14. ? ?

15. ?

16. ?

17. - .

18. 䳿 .

19. ?

20. 䳿 . 㳺 ? ; ?

21. ?

22. hsp70.

23. .

˲

, .., , .., , .. -. .: , 1984.

, .., , .. . . .: , 2005

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Bukau, B., Horwich, A.L. The hsp70 and hsp60 chaperone machines// Cell. 1998. Vol. 92. P. 351366.

Burbaum, J.J., Schimmel, P. Structural relationships and theclassification of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases // J. Biol. Chem. 1991. Vol. 266. P. 1696516968.

Deuerling, E., Bukau, B. Chaperoneassisted folding of newly synthesized proteins in the cytosol // Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2004. Vol. 39. P. 261277.

Frank, J., Sengupta, J., Gao, H. et al. The role of tRNA as a molecularspring in decoding, accommodation, and peptidyl transfer // FEBSLetters. 2005. Vol. 579. P. 959962.

Laursen, B.S., Sørensen, H.P., Mortensen, K.K., Sperling Petersen, H.U. Initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria // Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2005. Vol. 69. P. 101123.

Mitra, K., Frank, J. Ribosome dynamics: insights from atomic structure modeling into cryoelectron microscopy maps // Annu. Rev. Biochem.Biomol. Struct. 2006. Vol. 35. P. 299317.

Moore, P.B., Steitz, T.A. The structural basis of large ribosomal subunitfunction // Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2003. Vol. 72. P. 813850.

Noller, H.F., Yusupov, M.M., Yusupova G.Z. et al. Translocation of tRNA-during protein synthesis // FEBS Letters. 2002. Vol. 514. P. 1116.

Ogle, J.M., Ramakrishnan, V. Structural insights into translationalfidelity // Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2005. Vol. 74, 129177.

Ramakrishnan, V. Ribosome structure and the mechanism of translation// Cell. 2002. Vol. 108. P. 557572.

 





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