1. . (: ; , , ; ).
2. . (: ; () ).
3. ?
4. 41Nb .
5. , ... 5d36s2.
6. , , , , , , , ?
7. : 1p1, 2d4, 3p5, 4s3, 5d11, 6p5. ³ .
8. :
) 1s22s226 (E); )1s22s22p63s23p6 (E2+); ) 1s22s22p6 (E3-).
9. : Be2+; Si4+; Sr2+; Br .
10. , : ) 3s- ; ) 4d- ; ) 5f- 3 .
Ҳ
:
:
Ca | Fe | In | |||
Pu | Pb | Ni | |||
Br | Ba | Y | |||
Ce | Xe | Ag | |||
Cd | Gd | I |
, , , , , , , ?
V
(n). (ē). ? .
B | B | B | |||
10 n,9ē | 45 n,34ē | 52 n,41ē | |||
39 n,31ē | 30 n,25ē | 78 n,55ē | |||
42 n,33ē | 50 n,39ē | 55 n,43ē | |||
22 n,18ē | 125 n,85ē | 74 n,53ē | |||
57 n,45ē | 66 n,49ē | 58 n,45ē |
V
m. (ē). :
|
|
) ;
) ?
.
m=91; 40ē | m=152; 63ē | m=99; 43ē | |||
m=128; 52ē | m=121; 51ē | m=80; 35ē | |||
m=115; 49ē | m=75; 33ē | m=85; 37ē | |||
m=137; 56ē | m=184; 74ē | m=96; 42ē | |||
m=88; 38ē | m=93; 41ē | m=70; 31ē |
( )
1. .
2. ճ .
3. (: , , ; ).
4. , .
5. .
6. Գ .
7. .
8. - 䳿 ( 䳿 , ).
˳:
[3], [7], [8]