, , , . : to work - a work er .
, , - : to work - a work . : . : a hand - to hand . , , , , : , [s] [z] : close [ -s ] - to close [ -z ] , conduct [ kɔndΛkt ] - to conduct [ kɔn'dΛkt ] . 1- , - . , : to refuse [ rifu:z] - refuse [ refju:s ] . - : , . . : brave - the brave . : (.) - (.) .
( ) , , , : to pin - point , trailer - on - flat .
: laser = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation ( ).
: to do - to re do .
| (. +) -ize | () , | summarize |
| (. +) -en | harden() | |
| (. +) -ify, -fy | , , | gasify() ; electrify |
| (. +) -ate | , , | vaccinate ; granulate |
| -er | whisper | |
| -ish | establish |
| (. +) -er, -or | worker | ||
| (. +) -ing | boiling | ||
| (. +) -ness | , | whiteness | |
| (. +) -ty, -ity | , , | activity | |
| (. +) -age | breakage | ||
| (. +) -age | - ( ) | percentage | |
| (. +) -ment | ( ) | treatment | |
| (. +) -ance, -ence | resistance | ||
| (. +) -ancy, -ency | expectancy | ||
| (. +/. +) -dom | freedom | ||
| (. +) -ion, -tion, -sion,-ssion | revision | ||
| -ure | pressure | ||
| -hood | childhood | ||
| -ship | friendship | ||
| -th | length | ||
| -an, -ian | 1) ; 2) | American , librarian | |
| -ism | - (, ) | communism | |
| -ist | 1) - ; 2) | communist ; artist |
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| (. +) -ly | , | entirely | -teen | 13 19 | fifteen |
| -ward(s) | backwards | -ty | seventy | ||
| -wise | , | clockwise | -th | fourth |
| (. +) -al | , , | central |
| (. +) -ic | patriotic | |
| (. +) -ical | geological | |
| (. +) -ous | famous | |
| (. +) -ful | useful | |
| (. +) -able, -ible | expressible | |
| (. +) -ant, -ent | dependent | |
| (. +) -ive | active | |
| (. +) -ly | friendly | |
| (. +) -y | grainy | |
| (. +) -ite | favourite | |
| -ary | pecuniary | |
| -ate | fortunate | |
| -ed | cold-blooded | |
| -less | , | useless |
| -ish | 1) ; 2) | reddish; Polish |
| -ese | Japanese | |
| -ian, -an | Egyptian | |
| -like | birdlike | |
| -ern | northern |
| un- | un able | re- (+ .) | , | re make |
| in- | in active | |||
| im- | im possible | en-, em- (+ .) | em body | |
| il- | il legal | |||
| ir- | ir regular | over- (+ .) | over produce | |
| mis- | mis understand | |||
| dis- | dis approval | under- (+ .) | under estimate |
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WORD-BUILDING (exercises)
Ex. 1. , :
Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, de compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.
Ex. 2. , . :
Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, celebration - celebrate, difference - different, city - citizen, nation - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - development, act - active - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - discoverer, literature - literary, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post-graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, act - action - activity - active, govern - governor - government.
Ex. . - - or. :
To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.
Ex. 4. -ist, -ism, -ian. :
Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.
are, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.
Ex. 5. - ment. :
Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave,amuse,argue,advertise,invest.
Ex. 6. - ful -less, :
Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, c
Ex. 7. -able, -ible, :
Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect,fashion,flex.
Ex. 8. , :
British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.
Ex. 9. - en:
Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp,
Strong, long.
Ex. 10. -1 :
Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.
Ex. 11. . :
Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.
Ex. 12. . . , :
React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; poison,poisonous,extreme,extremely,extremity,extremist,friend,friendship,friendly,unfriendly.
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Ex. 13. :
Aircraft,airspace,Air Force, summer-resort,rest-house, custom-house, dining-room,dining car,living-room, fireplace, nightlife,newsagent,sunglasses,popstar,snowboarding,bungee jumping,
earthquake,greenhouse,laptop,software,science-fiction,solar system,so-called, haircut, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook,rain forest,lifetime, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine,sunrise,sunset,sunflower,body-piercing.
Ex. 14. , . :
An accent - to accent, a contract - to contract, a content - to content, a contest - to contest,an increase-to increase, a convict - to convict, a perfect - to perfect, a record - to record,refuse-to refuse,a refugee-to refuge.
Ex. 15. , :
1. works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. Youll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at pre sent. 10. He presented me with a book.
Ex. 16. . . . :
Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.
Ex. 17. , .
: A machine for drying hair hair drier.
1. A thing for opening tins -.... 2. A machine for playing records -.... 3. A machine for mixing food -.... 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) -.... 5. Things for warming peoples legs -.... 6. Stuff that kills flies -.... 7. A liquid that removes paint -.... 8. A tool that opens bottles -.... 9. A thing for peeling potatoes -.... 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup -.... 11. Stuff for freshening the air -....
Ex. 18. : 1) , 2) , 3) :
Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.
Ex. 19 .
1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldnt work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. Ive never known her to tell a lie. Shes a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone elses opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Marks behaviour intolerable / intolerant. Its unfair to be so selfish. 11. Were having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I dont know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. Its more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.
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Ex.19 , , : board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.
: camp..., building..., bomb... campsite, building site, bomb-site.
1....test,...pressure,...donor. 2....fall,...melon,...skiing. 3....house,...grocer,...salad. 4....club,...mare,...shift. 5. brief..., suit..., book.... 6. paper..., plastic..., shoulder.... 7....bow,...coat,...drop. 8....shine,...rise,...set. 9....works,...sign,...rage. 10. black..., floor..., notice.... 11....light,...break,...dream. 12....shake,...writing,...book. 13....cube,...berg,...rink. 14....cake,...present,...card. 15....scape,...lady,...slide. 16....car,...center,...ground. 17. address..., visitors..., note....
Ex. 20 ( , ).
1. Your coat is on the... (back, chair). 2. Youve just spilt the... (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some... (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my... (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a... (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that... (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. Its such a mess in here. There are empty... (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The... (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The... (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your... (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the... (film, end)? 12. Here is... (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest... (Metro, station)? 14. Its my... (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The... (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. Ive got a... (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The... (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local... (school, state). 19. The annual... (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any... (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a... (coffee, cup)?
Ex.21. : advice to advise, use to use, abuse to abuse, belief to believe, relief to relieve, grief grieve, excuse to excuse, breath to breathe, half to halve, house to house, safe to save, bath to bathe.
1. It is my personal... that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep... and say Ah. 3. You should put your valuables in the.... 4. Drug... is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isnt good for my skin, but I love sun.... 6. Ive been so worried about you! Its such a... to see you at last! 7. What are we going to do with this cake? Cut it in two. You take... and Ill take.... 8. Can you show me how to... this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are... in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because shed had a busy day, but thats no... for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to... after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my.... Never marry for money. Marry for love.
Ex. 22. ,
Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.
WORD-BUILDING (Test)
1. , . :
Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, picture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, impressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.
2. . :
Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, deformation, prewar,antihero, ex-champion, superhuman,disagreement,
3. : -al, -ful, -ous, -, -able, -ible, -ic, -less, -ish. .
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Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.
4. . , . :
1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friendship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.
5. , :
Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achieve ment, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.
6. . , :
a) Specialist, institute, university, culture,cultural,centre, central, nation,national, international, organization, minister, nature, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.
b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first tele scope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.
7. , ? . :
Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-juice, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, television, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.
8. , , .
1. My father is very... (act) even though hes seventy. 2. Ive always wanted to work in the theatre, but... (act) it isnt a very secure profession. 3. I... (hope), well soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look... (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very... (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two... (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. Youve broken my camera! Look at it! Its... (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really... (use). 9. I have some very... (noise) neighbours. 10. She became... (fame) as a result of her invention.
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Test 1.
1. This is the most...... concert Ive ever been to. (Expense)
2. Her husbands not a very...person. (Patience)
3. Susan is very...and wants to do well. (Ambition)
4. Show some. Dont you like the idea? (Enthuse)
5. Her problem is that she has not enoughin herself. (Confide)
6. Dan is really very, even rude sometimes. (Polite)
7. I havent been to the cinema. (Recent)
8. Mary and they never s aw her again. (Appear)
Test 2.
1. Most people have no real in ghosts.(Believe)
2. Mark Twain wrote many stories. (Humour)
3. The childrens at the concert was excellent. (Behave)
4. Rita asked for a and cashier gave her one. (Receive)
5. Do you think you have the to pass the exam? (Able)
6. You need a lot of to write a good story. (Imagine)
7. I read an interesting in the newspaper. (Advertise)
8. Their friendship began in their . (Child)
Test 3.
1. Im telling you the ! I swear! (True)
2. Your composition isnt good enough. Youll have to it. (Write)
3. Did you know Ann used to work as a when she was younger? (Wait)
4. They need your before they can do it. (Sign)
5. It all happened quite. I didnt have time to think. (Sudden)
6. Im sure his new film is going to be a huge.(Succeed)
7. Did Paul give an for his actions? (Explain)
8. The of the village are all very kind. (Inhabit)
Test 4.
1. The leaflet gives a brief of each place. (Describe)
2. Can you give us a quick of how it works? (Explain)
3. Olga broke the vase during an with her husband. (Argue)
4. Gold is a very metal. (Value)
5. Peter began to feel depressed and . (Help)
6. His book is the result of years of research. (Care)
7. This snake is not at all. (Danger)
8. The bright flowers make the room look... (Cheer)
Test 5.
1. Teenagers nowadays are more interested in . problems. (Globe)
2. Have you seen the new Levi on TV? (Advertise)
3. I looked everywhere but I couldnt find him. Hes (Appear)
4. Its very to drink and drive. (Danger)
5. Can you give me some more about this adventure holiday? (Inform)
6. We need to put up some for tonights party. (Decorate)
7. The weather today will be cold and. (Wind)
8. Margarita was very with the service. (Satisfy)
Test 6.
1. They put a lot of on him to agree to their demands. (Press)
2. Ive had three nights and l feel exhausted. (Sleep)
3. If you have problems with your , see a doctor. (Circulate)
4. Im feeling very today. I think Ill go for a run. (Energy)
5. Remember that are also human. (Examine)
6. His nose was quite for days after hed it pierced. (Pain)
7. There are a lot of restaurants in this area. (Fashion)
8. Although she isnt beautiful, most men find her quite (Attract).
Test 7.
1.The food was completely ; he was a useless cook.(Taste)
2. There were over 500 to the temple every day.(Visit)
3. You cant hope to win the race without any .(Train)
4. In spite of her ,Jane continued her journey.(Hungry)
5.Hard as he tried, he was unable to find .(Solve)
6.I speaking, I dont think Latin is a useful subject.(Person)
7.You need to organize your time more (Efficient)
Test 8.
1. Stories are more . than lists of words.(Memory)
2. His exam results were very . (Please)
3. Passing exams will help you to get a job.(Good)
4. You should revise on a regular (Base)
5. There are books that are specially .for foreign learners.(Simple)
6. A degree is a very useful.to have.(Qualify)
7. I hope you will take into what I have just said to you.(Consider)
8. This new book had many beautiful in it.(ILLUSTRATE)
Test 9.
1.My aunt became .when she went to America.
(Fame)
2.Paul sings .; Im surprised he isnt a professional singer. (Beauty)
3.I was .to see all my old friends again. (Delight)
4.They bought some for their new house. (Furnish)
5. She lives in a really mansion in the suburbs. (Luxury)
6. Are you sitting . in that chair? (Comfort)
7.Everyone was nervous about the s visit. (Inspector)
8.Our teacher has a really strong .. (Person)
9.His father has the best of ancient coins. (Collect)
Test 10.
1.The teacher wanted to know what my greatest .(Ambitious)
2.Iever go to the theatre. I dont like it.(Hard)
3.Marina has a very manner, which I appreciate.(Relax)
4.Her son took part in the world last year.(Champion)
5.I was .when victor said I was beautiful.(Flatter)
6. Julia got a for best leading actress.(Nominate)
7.Shes a very thinker.(Origin)
8.Her friend is very .! You can trust him.(Rely)
