Выберите правильный ответ.
1. When was the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University founded?
a) 1953; b) 1965; c) 1991.
2. How many departments does the University have at present?
a) 10; b) 12; c) 13.
3. What are the forms of studying?
a) full-time; b) part-time; c) correspondent.
4. What does the word “schedule” mean?
a) order; b) answer; c) time-table.
5. What is the lowest scientific degree a student receives?
a) Master; b) Doctor; c) Bachelor.
6. What does the word “syllabus” mean?
a) programme; b) style; c) method.
7. What do you call a subject you must study?
a) point; b) optional; c) necessary.
8. What do we call a subject you choose depending on your interest?
a) favorite; b) popular; c) elective.
9. How many terms does the academic year consist of?
a) two; b) three; c) four.
10. How are the best students supported?
a) get grants; b) are welcome; c) stay after classes.
11. Who has the higher qualification?
a) Bachelor; b) Master; c) graduate.
12. What is the basis of the University?
a) gymnasiums; b) kindergartens; c) enterprises.
13. Where can the students hold their research work?
a) in the scientific library; b) at the hostel; c) at the park.
14. What is the training farm created for?
a) for practice; b) for food processing; c) for rest.
15. What is the synonym of the word “department”?
a) faculty; b) branch; c) field.
Lesson 4
Great Britain (1)
Grammar: артикли с географическими названиями; повторение предлогов; прошедшее совершённое и прошедшее совершённо-продолженное время (Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous Tense); повторение прошедших времён
Словарный минимум
Существительные:
| isle | остров |
| island | остров |
| total area | общая площадь |
| surface | поверхность |
| valley | долина |
| plain | равнина |
| population | население |
| producer | производитель |
| machinery | машинное оборудование |
| textile | текстиль |
| aircraft | самолеты |
| navigation | судоходство |
| equipment | оборудование |
| shipbuilding | кораблестроение |
| fauna | фауна |
| mammal | млекопитающее |
| otter | выдра |
| seal | тюлень |
| hedgehog | еж |
| hare | заяц |
| rabbit | кролик |
| rat | крыса |
county графство
pilgrimage паломничество
Прилагательные:
deep глубокий
mild мягкий, умеренный
urban городской
highly developed высокоразвитый
chief главный
mountainous гористый
vast огромный
medieval средневековый
terrestrial земной
Глаголы:
| to be situated | быть расположенным |
| consist of | состоять из |
| include | включать |
| mean | означать |
| separate | разделять |
| wash | омывать |
| vary | менять (-ся), разнообразить |
| influence | влиять |
retire уходить в отставку, увольняться
Vocabulary Exercises
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте, следуя транскрипции, следующие географические названия
Great Britain [′ greit′ britn ] Великобритания
Wales [ weilz ] Уэльс
Scotland [ ′skכּtlәnd ] Шотландия
Ireland [ ′aiәlәnd ] Ирландия
the British Isles [ ðә ′briti∫ ′ailz ] Британские острова
the North Sea [ ðә ′nכּӨ ′ si: ] Северное море
the English Channel [ ði: ′ingli ∫ ′t∫ ænl ] Английский канал
the Irish Sea [ ði: ′airi ∫ ′si: ] Ирландское море
the Atlantic Ocean [ ði: ′әt′læ ntik ′әu әn ] Атлантический океан
Ben Nevis [ ′ben′nevis ] Бен Невис
the Severn [ ðә ′sevәn ] Северн
the Thames [ ðә ′temz ] Темза
Gulf Stream [ ′gΛlf ′stri:m ] Гольфстрим
Birmingham [ ′bә:minәm ] Бирмингем
Glasgow [ ′gla:sgכּu ] Глазго
Liverpool [ ′livәpu:l ] Ливерпуль
Manchester [ ′mænt∫istә ] Манчестер
Sheffield [ ′ ∫ efild ] Шеффилд
Brighton [ ′braitn ] Брайтон
Canterbury [ ′kæntәbәri ] Кентербери
Northumbria [ n כּ :′ӨΛmbriә ] Нортумбрия
Salisbury [ ′sכּ:lzbәri ] Солсбери
Yorkshire [ ′jכּ:k∫iә ] Йоркшир
Упражнение 2. Вставьте предлоги:
1. The British Isles consist … two large islands.
2. The UK is made … … four countries.
3. The British Isles are separated … the European continent … the North Sea and the English Channel.
4. The Humid and mild climate … Great Britain is good … plants and flowers.
5. Its population is … 57 million.
Упражнение 3. Используйте выражения в скобках в предложенияx:
a) to be made up of
1. The UK is made up of four countries.
2. The USA …. 50 states and the District of Columbia.
3. Germany …. 16 lands.
4. Belgium …. 3 regions.
5. Portugal …. 2 regions and 18 districts.
6. Mexico …. 31 states and a federal district.
7. Australia …. 6 states and 2 territories.
8. The Philippines …. 73 provinces and the capital.
b) to be washed by
1. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
2. The USA …. by the Pacific Ocean in the west.
3. Russia …. the Arctic Ocean in the north.
4. India …. the Indian Ocean in the south.
5. Our Far East …. the Japan Sea.
6. Turkey …. the Mediterranean in the west.
7. Egypt …. the Red Sea.
Text. Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech “Great Britain” is used to mean the United Kingdom.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has the beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south-east is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn (388 km) is the longest river, while the Thames (354 km) is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. The UK was originally a land of vast forests, today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.
The fauna and animal life of the UK is much like that of northwestern Europe. Many larger mammals such as bear and wolf have been hunted to extinction; others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along parts of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats, mice are numerous. Deer live in forests of Scotland and England.
The UK is one of world’s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 per cent of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, and Leeds.
Northern England, Midlands and South England – each part of England is different. The Southeast is the most densely populated region in England. The south has a mild and sunny climate which makes it popular both with holiday-makers and with the elderly, who find it a comfortable area to retire.
The county of Kent is known as the Garden of England because it produces a lot of fruit and vegetables which are eaten all over the country. The soil and climate make ideal growing conditions.
Brighton, on the south coast, is a famous seaside resort. There are entertainments of all kinds. Canterbury is a town in Kent with a population of 120,000. It is the religious capital of England. From the 12th to the 15th centuries, it was a place of pilgrimage. The best-known Canterbury pilgrims are probably those who appear in the book by Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Canterbury Tales”, written in the 14th century.
East Anglia is extremely flat, and it is dominated by agriculture. It has beautiful cities with fine historic buildings (such as Cambridge, Norwich, Peterborough and Colchester), and it has many sandy beaches and inland waterways. In medieval times, it became rich because of the wool trade.
Birmingham is the most important city in the Midlands, one of England’s most productive regions, with large industrial areas. There has been a town where Oxford now stands for many centuries – even before 912. The university began to establish itself in the middle of the 12th century, and by 1300 there were already 1,500 students. Nowadays, there are about 12,000 students in Oxford.
Northumbria is a region of great natural beauty although industry of some kind has existed here for thousands of years. The Ice Age formed many deep valleys in the counties of Cumbria and North Yorkshire, made rivers into waterfalls and left behind hills and mountains. Beneath the earth is coal – the foundation of the region’s industry.
The Lake District is the central mountainous area of Cumbria and has some of England’s most beautiful scenery. Since the Lake District is a National Park, there is a special control over building.
The county of Wiltshire is most famous for the great stone monument of Stonehenge. It has stood on Salisbury Plain for about 4,000 years. The scientists still don’t know why it was built. It could have been an observatory where stars and planets could be observed, a Druid temple, or it was used to store terrestrial energy, which was then generated across the country.
Text exercises
Упражнение 1. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated ….
2. Their total area is over ….
3. The UK is made up of four countries: ….
4. The surface of the British Isles varies ….
5. … …. is the highest mountain.
6. … …. …. ….. influence the climate of the British Isles.
7. The Fauna and animal life of the UK is much like that of ….
8. The largest cities of Great Britain are ….
9. The religious capital of England is ….
10. In medieval age East Anglia ….
11. Oxford was founded in ….
12. The Lake District in Cumbria is ….
13. Stonehenge could have been ….
Упражнение 2. В каждой строчке уберите слово, выпадающее по смыслу.
1. The Severn, Ben Nevis, the Volga, the Thames, the Danube, the Missouri.
2. The Alps, the Urals, the English Channel, the Rocky Mountains, Ben Nevis.
3. London, Birmingham, Chicago, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield.
4. Hedgehog, swan, hare, rabbit, rat, mouse.
Упражнение 3. Согласитесь или опровергните следующие утверждения.
1. The UK is situated in the central part of Eurasia.
2. The UK is made up of three countries: England, Wales, Scotland.
3. The capital of the UK is London.
4. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
5. The surface of the British Isles varies very much.
6. Ben Nevis in Wales is the highest mountain.
7. There are lot of rivers in Great Britain: the Severn, the Thames, the Rhein, the Danube.
8. The severe climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers.
9. Deer live in forests of Scotland and England.
10. The population of the UK is over 58 million.
11. The UK is a highly developed industrial country.
12. One of the chief industries of the country is automobile industry.
13. England’s most beautiful scenery is the Lake District.
Упражнение 4. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Where is the UK situated? 2. What countries is the UK made up of? 3. What separates the British Isles from the European continent? 4. What is the north of Scotland called? 5. What is the highest mountain in Scotland? 6. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild? 7. What’s the UK’s population? 8. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export? 9. What is the most densely populated region in England? 10. What is the main place of interest of Wiltshire?
Упражнение 5. Аудирование. Прослушайте текст о климате Великобритании.
The British Climate
Some people say that Britain does not have a climate, it only has weather. This refers to three things. Firstly, the weather in Britain is very changeable: a day can start fine and warm, but often end cold and wet. Secondly, the climate is very moderate: it does not usually get very cold or very hot. Thirdly, the seasons are not as different as they are in many countries, and you can just as easily have a cold, wet day in summer as you can in winter.
Generally speaking, the west of Britain is wetter than the east, and the north is colder than the south. That means, for example, that the southwest is warm but wet; the northeast is colder but drier. Because of the Gulf Stream, British winters are much warmer than many countries with the same latitude.
Britain is famous for its fog: think of London in the books of Charles Dickens or in Sherlock Holmes stories and you will think of fog. But Britain is much less foggy than it was in the days of Dickens or Holmes, because now people can’t have coal fires in London or other big cities. It was the pollution as much as the climate that made Victorian London so foggy.
Упражнение 6. Опираясь на содержание приведённого выше текста, подберите английский перевод следующих слов.
| 1. Firstly | a) неустойчивый |
| 2. Secondly | б) уголь |
| 3. Thirdly | в) во-первых |
| 4. Refer | г) во времена |
| 5. Changeable | д) широта |
| 6. Moderate | е) во-вторых |
| 7. Generally speaking | ж) умеренный |
| 8. Latitude | з) загрязнение |
| 9. Coal | и) иметь отношение |
| 10. Pollution | к) в-третьих |
| 11. In the days of | л) говоря в общем |
Упражнение 7. Укажите, верно ли высказывание. Смогли бы вы выполнить это задание без опоры на текст о климате Великобритании?
1. Britain is foggier now than it was in the 19th century.
2. It was the pollution as much as the climate that made Victorian London so foggy.
3. The west of Britain is drier than the East.
4. The climate is very moderate.
5. British winters are much colder than many countries with the same latitude.
6. The north of Britain is colder than the south.
7. The weather in Britain is very changeable.
8. The Gulf Stream makes Britain colder.
Упражнение 8. Используя описание климата Великобритании в качестве образца, напишите несколько общих предложений о климате России.
Упражнение 9. Прочитайте следующий диалог. Составьте со своим товарищем свой диалог о Великобритании.
- Hello, John! I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?
- Hello, Mary! I have been in Great Britain since September.
- Oh, it is so great! What’s your impression?
- I like that country, its friendly people, its way of life, its traditions. I visited many places and now I have known much about Great Britain.
- As far as I know, Great Britain is such a small country!
- Yes, its total area is over 244,000 square km. And I have been in all parts of Great Britain: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
- What about nature? Are there many mountains, rivers?
- Yes, there are a lot of rivers, but they are not very long. And mountains are not very high.
- Excuse me, John! But I must hurry, I have a lecture. Next time we’ll talk about your trip. See you soon.
- OK. Good-bye, Mary.
Grammar exercises
Упражнение 1. Употребите Past Continuous в предложениях.
1. At 9.45 Ann (to wash) her car. – At 9.45 Ann was washin g her car.
2. At 11.45 she (to read a newspaper).
3. At 12.30. she (to cook a dinner).
4. At 13.00. she (to listen to the radio).
5. At 17.00 she (to play tennis).
Упражнение 2. Постройте предложения утвердительные и отрицательные, употребляя Past Continuous.
1. (to wear a jacket) – He was wearing a jacket. He wasn’t wearing a jacket. 2. (to carry a bag). 3. (to go the dentist). 4. (to eat an ice-cream). 5. (to carry an umbrella). 6. (to go home). 7. (wear a hat). 8. (to ride a bicycle).
Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.
1. Jane was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
2. What … (you/do) this time yesterday? I was asleep.
3. …… (you/go) out last night? No, I was too tired.
4. Was Carol at the party last night? Yes, she … (wear) a really nice dress.
5. How fast … (you/drive) when the accident … (happen)?
6. John … (take) a photograph of me while I … (not/look).
7. We were in a very difficult position. We … (not/know) what to do.
8. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last … (see) him, he … (try) to find a job in London.
9. When I was a young, I … (want) to be a bus driver.
Упражнение 4. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения, употребляя слова в скобках, используйте Past Perfect.
1. You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there. (she /go /out).
2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. (it /change / a lot).
3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come. (she / arrange/ to do something else).
4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already/ begin).
5. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (we/ not meet/ for years).
6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry. (she / just /have /breakfast).
Упражнение 5. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения, заканчивающиеся на before. Используйте глагол, данный в скобках.
1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly) He had never flown before. Or He hadn’t flown before.
2. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. (see) I ….
3. Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He ….
4. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there. (be) We ….
Упражнение 6. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения при помощи слов, данных в скобках. Используйте Past Perfect Continuous.
1. I was very tired when I arrived home. (I /work / hard all day) I had been working hard all day.
2. The two boys came into the house. They were both very tired. (they / play / football).
3. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room).
4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (she / dream).
5. When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (he / watch / TV).
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте предложения и завершите их, употребив Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.
1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours were having (have) a party.
2. We were good friends. We had known (know) each other for along time.
3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with because he … (walk) so fast.
4. Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She …. (run).
5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They … (eat).
6. When I arrived, everybody … (sit) round the table and … (talk). Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full.
7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He …. (look) for his contact lens.
8. When I arrived, Kate …. (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she …. (wait) for a very long time.
9. I was sad when I sold my car. I …. (have) it for a very long time.
10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We …. (travel) for more than 24 hours.
Упражнение 8. Поставьте предлоги at / on / in.
1. Goodbye! See you on Friday. 2. Where were you... 28 February? 3. I got up … 6 o’clock this morning. 4. I like getting up early … the morning. 5. My sister got married …. May. 6. Diane and I first met … 1979. 7. Did you go out … Tuesday? 8. Did you go out …. Tuesday evening? 9. Do you often go out … the evening? 10. Let’s meet … 7.30 tomorrow evening. 11. I often go away … the weekend. 12. I’m starting my new job … 3 July. 13. We often go to the beach … summer. 14. George isn’t here … the moment. 15. Julia’s birthday is … January. 16. Do you work … Saturdays? 17. The company started … 1969. 18. I like to look at the stars … night. 19. I’ll send you the money … the end of the month.
Упражнение 9. Завершите предложения, употребив предлоги места in / at / on.
1. Don’t sit on the grass. It’s wet. 2. What have you got … your bag? 3. Look! There’s man … the roof. What’s he doing? 4. There are a lot of fish … this river. 5. Our house is number 45 – number is … the door. 6. `Is the cinema near here? `Yes, turn left … the traffic lights.` 7. I usually do my shopping … the city centre. 8. My sister lives …. Brussels. 9. There’s a small park … the top of the hill. 10. I think I heard the doorbell. There’s somebody … the door. 11. I think I heard the doorbell. There’s somebody …. the door. 11. Munich is a large city …the south of Germany. 12. There are a few shops … the end of the street. 13. It’s difficult to carry a lot of things ….a bicycle. 14. I looked at the list of names. My name was …. the bottom of the list. 15. There is a mirror … the wall … the living room.
Упражнение 10. Завершите предложения, употребив предлоги места in/ at / on.
1. Helen is studying law at university. 2. There was a big table … the middle of the room. 3. What is the longest river … the world? 4. Were there many people … the concert last night? 5. Will you be … home tomorrow afternoon? 6. Who is that man … this photograph? Do you know him? 7. Where are your children? Are they … school? 8. George is coming by train. I’m going to meet him … the station. 9. Charlie is … hospital. He’s going to have an operation tomorrow. 10. How many pages are there … this book? 11. ‘Are you hungry after your journey?’ ‘No, I had a meal … the train.’ 12.I’m sorry I’m late. My car is broke down … the way here. 13. ‘Is Tom here?’ ‘No, he’s … his brother’s.’ 14. Don’t believe everything you see … the newspaper! 15. I walked to work but I came home … the bus.
Упражнение 11. Употребите предлоги места to или at, где необходимо.
1. Paula didn’t go to work yesterday. 2. I’m tired. I’m going (-) home. 3. Ann is not very well. She has gone … the doctor. 4. Would you like to come … a party on Saturday? 5. ‘Is Liz … home?’ “No, she’s gone … work.’ 6. There were 20,000 people … the football match. 7. Why did you go … home early last night? 8. A boy jumped into the river and swam … the other side. 9. There were a lot of people waiting … the bus stop. 10. We had a good meal … a restaurant and then we went back … the hotel.
Упражнение 12. Употребите предлоги места at, to, in, где необходимо.
1. I’m going out this afternoon. I’m staying at home. 2. We’re going … a concert tomorrow evening. 3. I went … New York last year. 4. How long did you stay … New York? 5. Next year we hope to go … Canada to visit some friends. 6. Shall we go … the cinema this evening? 7. Is there a restaurant … this station? 8. After the accident three people were taken … hospital. 9. How often do you go … the dentist? 10. ‘Is Diane here?’ ‘No, she’s... Ann’s.’ 11. My house is … the end of the street on the left. 12. I went … Mary’s house but she wasn’t … home. 13. There were no taxis, so we had to walk … home. 14. ‘What did you study … university?’ ‘I didn’t go … university.’
Упражнение 13. Завершите предложения, употребив артикль the, используя слова из строки.
Alps, Amazon, Andes, Asia, Atlantic, Bahamas, Cairo, Kenya, Malta, Pacific, Red Sea, Rhine, Sweden, Tokyo, United States
1. Cairo is the capital of Egypt. 2. The Atlantic is between Africa and America. 3. … is a country in northern Europe. 4. … is a river in South America. 5. … is the largest continent in the world. 6. … is the largest ocean. 7. … is a river in Europe. 8. … is a country in East Africa. 9. … are between Canada and Mexico. 10. … are mountains in South America. 11. … is the capital of Japan. 12. … are mountains in central Europe. 13. … is between Saudi Arabia and Africa. 14. … is an island in the Mediterranean. 15. … are a group of islands near Florida.
Упражнение 14. Употребите артикль the, где необходимо.
1. Kevin lives in (-) Newton Street. 2. We went to see a play at the National Theatre. 3. Have you ever been to China? 4. Have you ever been to Philippines? 5. Have you ever been to south of France? 6. Can you tell me where Regal cinema is? 7. Can you tell me where Merion Street is? 8. Can you tell me where Museum of Modern Art is? 9. Europe is bigger than Australia. 10. Belgium is smaller than Netherlands. 11. Which river is longer – Mississippi of Nile? 12. Did you go to National Gallery when you were in London? 13. “Where did you stay?” “At Park Hotel in Hudson Road.” 14. How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station? 15. Rocky Mountains are in North America. 16. Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. 17. Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. 18. I hope to go to United States next year. 19. Mary comes from a small town in west of Ireland. 20. Alan studied physics at Manchester University.
Lesson 5
Great Britain (2)
Grammar: будущие времена (Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous); формы выражения будущего времени (to be going to, to be about to); употребления настоящих времён для выражения будущих действий
Словарный минимум
Существительные:
scenery пейзаж
gold золото
silver серебро
copper медь
district район, участок
coast побережье
boundary граница
hill холм
pride гордость
castle замок
rig вышка
helicopter вертолет
emerald изумруд
causeway путь, тропа
linen полотно, холст; льняной
root корень
pottery гончарные изделия, керамика
Прилагательные:
wide широкий
harsh резкий, суровый
damp влажный, сырой
cliff крутой, отвесный
incredible невероятный, неслыханный
basic основной
Глаголы:
mark отмечать
develop развивать
divide делить, разделять
associate ассоциироваться
flow течь
disappear исчезать
occupy занимать
bound связывать
Vocabulary Exercises
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте, используя транскрипцию, следующие географические названия.
Cymry [ ′kimri ] Уэльсцы
Snowdonia [ sn כּ u′d כּ uniә ] Сноудония (область)
Cardiff [ ′ka:dif ] Кардифф
Edinburgh [′ edinbәrә ] Эдинбург
Belfast [ ′belfa:st ] Белфаст
Arctic Circle [ ′a:ktik′sә:kl ] Северный полярный круг
Cheviot Hills [ ′t ∫ eviәt′ hilz ] Чевиот-Хилс (горы)
Hebrides [ ′hebridi:z ] Гебридские острова
Orkney Islands [ ′ כ :kni′ailәndz ] Оркнейские острова
Shetland Islands [ ′ ∫ etlәnd ′ailәndz ] Шетландские острова
Loch Ness [ ′l כּ k ′nes ] Лох-Несс
Aberdeen [, әebә′di:n ] Абердин
Ulster [ ′ Λ lstә ] Ольстер
Упражнение 2. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, перевод которого дан в начале ряда:
| 1. Глубокий | a) deepen | b) deep | c) deeply |
| 2. Борьба | a) struggle | b) luggage | c) language |
| 3. Корень | a) rootlet | b) root | c) rooster |
| 4. Занимать | a) occur | b) occlude | c) occupy |
| 5. Район | a) disturb | b) distrust | c) district |
| 6. Невероятный | a) incredible | b) incredulity | c) increscent |
| 7. Включать | a) incline | b) enclose | c) include |
| 8. Условие | a) condiment | b) condition | c) conduct |
| 9. Холм | a) hill | b) hilt | c) hike |
| 10. Ассоциироваться | a) assist | b) associate | c) assuage |
| 11. Долина | a)value | b) velour | c) valley |
| 12. Городской | a) urbane | b) urban | c) urgent |
| 13. Вертолет | a) helicopter | b) helix | c) heirloom |
| 14. Делить | a) divert | b) divest | c) divide |
| 15. Замок | a) castle | b) caste | c) cast |
Text. Great Britain:
Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
The Welsh call their country Cymru, and they call themselves Cymry. The population of Wales is almost three million people. About 75 per cent of the people of Wales live in towns and urban districts.
Wales is a highland country of old, hard rock. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys; South Wales is a land of high hills and wide valleys. The pride of Wales in scenery is Snowdonia, the region of high mountains. Snowdon (1,085) is the highest mountain in England and Wales.
Except for coal, mineral resources are limited and include gold, silver and copper. South Wales is more developed; during the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, the valleys of South Wales became the iron and steel capital of the world. Nowadays, coal-mining, steel production, electronics, electrical engineering and chemicals can be found here.
The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the largest city of Wales. Cardiff is situated near the mouth of the Taff River. It’s an important industrial city and port, and administrative and educational centre.
As a tourist, you might want to visit the castle and Llandaff cathedral, or the National Museum of Wales. If you like music, there is the famous national concert hall, St. David’s Hall, or the New Theatre, which is the home of the Welsh National Opera Company.
Although Scotland takes up one third of the territory of the British Isles, its population is not very big. It is the most northern part of the island of Great Britain and is not very far away from the Arctic Circle. That’s why it is not densely populated: its population is a little over 5 million people.
The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland. Apart from this land link with England, Scotland is surrounded by sea. Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkney and Shetland Islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea in the east.
Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, which is the most northern and the most under populated area with a harsh climate; the Lowlands, which is the most industrial region, with about three quarters of the population; and the Southern Uplands, with hills, which border on England.
The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. They reach their highest point in Ben Nevis (1,343 m). Many valleys between the hills are filled with lakes, called lochs. The best-known is Loch Ness, where, as some people think, a large monster lives. The most important city here is Aberdeen which is the oil centre of Scotland. Ships and helicopters travel from Aberdeen to the North Sea oil rigs. Work on an oil rig is difficult and dangerous.
Edinburgh is an administrative, commercial and cultural centre of Scotland. It has been the capital since the 15th century. It is associated with the names of George Gordon Byron, Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert Burns and Arthur Conan Doyle. It is also associated with the world-famous Edinburgh Festival of Music and Drama.
Northern Ireland is the smallest component of the United Kingdom. It contains six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster and that is why the name “Ulster” is sometimes used as equivalent to Northern Ireland. The population of Northern Ireland is about 1,5 million people. 53 per cent of the total population lives in urban areas.
If one asks an Irishman away from home what he misses most about Ireland, he will probably say ”the greenness”. Irish poets call Ireland “the Emerald Isle”. The fact is that the winds usually blow in from the Atlantic Ocean and make the air and soil warm and damp. Grass grows well in such a climate and it makes the island look so beautiful. There are low hills and peaks of rocks in the north-west, while the northeast sector of the island is a plateau. The rivers of Ireland are short, but deep. The largest river is the Shannon. The Giant’s Causeway may be the eighth wonder of the world. The Causeway is a mass of stone columns standing very near together. The tops of the columns form stepping stones leading from the cliff foot and disappearing under the sea. Over the whole Causeway there are 40,000 of these stone columns.
The whole economy of Northern Ireland is closely integrated with that of Great Britain. It has its roots in three basic industries – agriculture, textiles and shipbuilding. The largest industry is agriculture conducted for the most part on small family farms. It occupies about 72 per cent of the land area.
Belfast is one of the youngest capital cities in the world and it has grown incredible fast. Today the city has a population of 400 000. The city is well-known for ship-building – it was here that the “Titanic” was built and sent out on her fatal voyage. Tourists can visit an Art Gallery, step into Belfast Cathedral, or go souvenir hunting for the Irish linen, pottery and hand-cut glass in Belfast’s covered arcades. If the sun is shining they can drive out to Stormont, the former Parliament building and walk through the parkland. The Botanic Gardens contain rare plants; some of them are 100 years old! In the evening tourists can go to the theater, the Grand Opera House, or a concert at the Ulster Hall – home of the Ulster Orchestra.
Text Exercises
Упражнение 1. Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями. Свое согласие выразите, начиная предложение словами That`s right …, а несогласие, начиная словами That`s wrong…
1. About 75 per cent of the people of Wales live in towns and urban districts.
2. The capital of Wales is Belfast, the largest city of Wales.
3. As a tourist, you might want to visit the castle and Llandaff cathedral, or the National Museum of Scotland.
4. The population of Scotland is a little over 5 million people.
5. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland.
6. Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkey and Shetland Islands off the north coast.
7. Belfast is an administrative, commercial and cultural centre of Scotland.
8. Northern Ireland is the biggest component of the United Kingdom.
9. Ireland is called “the Diamond Isle”.
10. Belfast is one of the youngest capital cities in the world and it has grown incredible fast.
Упражнение 2. Спросите своего друга по-английски:
- знает ли он, каково население Уэльса;
- что он может сказать о Северном Уэльсе;
- что он может сказать о Южном Уэльсе;
- знает ли он столицу Уэльса;
- знает ли он, какие достопримечательности можно посетить в Уэльсе;
- знает ли он, каково население Шотландии;
- знает ли он, на сколько регионов можно поделить Шотландию и как эти регионы называются;
- знает ли он столицу Шотландии;
- знает ли он, каково население Северной Ирландии;
- знает ли он столицу Северной Ирландии;
- знает ли он, что могут купить туристы в Белфасте.
Упражнение 3. Аудирование. Прослушайте, о чём говорят туристы, путешествующие по Шотландии на автобусе, и ответьте на вопросы. Воспроизведите диалог в парах.
Tourist 1: Excuse me.
Guide: Yes?
Tourist 1: There’s a pottery shop just ahead. Can we stop and go there?
Guide: Yes, of course. It sells pottery and other kinds of gifts.
Tourist 1: Thanks you.
They go into the shop.
Assistant: Can I help you?
Tourist 1: No, I’m just looking, thank you.
Assistant: That’s fine.
Tourist 2: Excuse me.
Assistant: Yes?
Tourist 2: Is all the pottery made in Scotland?
Assistant: Yes, everything is made here: we have a workshop at the back.
Tourist 3: Are these gifts all made in Scotland?
Assistant: Yes, everything that you see is made in local workshops and factories.
Tourist 3: Even these films and cameras?
Assistant: Er, no. The film is made in the USA, and the cameras are made in Japan. Everything else is produced here in Scotland, and most of the products are handmade.
Tourist 1: I’d like this vase, please.
Assistant: Thank you.
Tourist 2: I’m going to buy this tin of shortbread.
Tourist 3: I’m going to get some of these small bottles of whisky.
Вопросы.
1. What does a pottery shop sell?
2. What goods are made in Scotland?
3. Are most of the products handmade?
4. What did the tourists buy in the shop?
5. What would you buy in that shop?
Упражнение 4. Прослушайте текст о поездке Смитов в Шотландию.
The Smiths Go To Scotland.
During the half-term holiday, Paul, Sue and Mary Smith went to a short break to a hotel in Scotland. They visited several castles, craft shops and a whisky distillery. They spent a day in Edinburgh, and another day walking near Loch Ness (but they didn’t see the monster). Mary wrote this short description of the economy of Scotland to show her teacher:
“Scotland can be divided into three geographical regions: the Southern Uplands, the Central Lowlands and the Highlands. The Southern Uplands are sparsely populated moorland; the Central Lowlands is where most of the population lives and where the main cities are situated; the Highlands is the most beautiful and mountainous part. The main industries of the Highlands are forestry, fishing and tourism. The main industries of the Central Lowlands used to be coal mining and heavy industry, but these declined in the 1980s. Fortunately, oil and gas were discovered in the North Sea in the 1970s. Other important products are whisky and woolen goods.
The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, but the biggest city is Glasgow. Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, but since 1999 it has its own parliament.
Упражнение 5. Опираясь на содержание приведённого выше текста, подберите английские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям.
| 1. Decline | a) завод по изготовлению алкогольных напитков |
| 2. Description | б) чудовище |
| 3. Discover | в) описание |
| 4. Distillery | г) область, зона |
| 5. Monster | д) редко, не густо |
| 6. Moorland | е) торфянистая местность |
| 7. Region | ж) снижаться |
| 8. Sparsely | з) обнаруживать |
Упражнение 6. Определите, верны или неверны следующие утверждения.
1) The Smiths saw the Loch Ness Monster.
2) There are not many people in the Southern Uplands.
3) Edinburgh and Glasgow are in the Central Lowlands.
4) Most Scots live in the Highlands.
5) The main industries of the Central Lowlands are coal mining and heavy industry.
6) The biggest city in Scotland is Edinburgh.
Упражнение 7. Используя текст в качестве образца, напишите об экономике хорошо известной вам страны.
Упражнение 8. Кроссворд «Отрасли промышленности». Переведите следующую группу слов на английский язык. Запишите их в соответствующие клеточки. Решив кроссворд, в колонке по вертикали вы прочтёте ещё одно слово по текущей теме.
Pемёсла, электроника, машиностроение, рыболовство, лесная промышленность, товары, гончарные изделия, ресурсы.
| D | |||||||||||
Grammar Exercises
Упражнение 1. Ваш друг собирается поехать в Великобританию на каникулы. Задайте вопросы, используя эту ситуацию и слова, данные в скобках.
1. (How long / stay?)
2. (When / leave?)
3. (Go / alone?)
4. (Go / by train?)
5. (Where / stay?)
Упражнение 2. Shall или Will?
1. I … help you tomorrow. 2. We … never leave our friends who need us. 3. They … receive the freedom of the city! 4. the two brothers … never be separated again! 5. I … pay my account at the end of the month. 6. He … feel cold without an overcoat in December. 7. We … all grow old, sooner or later. 8. It … cost a lot of money to live in such a fine hotel. 9. You … understand English much better in twelve months’ time. 10. People say that the world … grow cold in 20,000,000 years. 11. A fine summer … guarantee a good harvest. 12. A fish out of water … die very quickly.
Упражнение 3. Выберите ту видовременную форму глагола, которую уместно употребить при переводе следующих предложений:
1. Она уберет квартиру к их приезду.
а) will clean;
б) will be cleaning;
в) will have cleaned.
2. Ему потребуется полчаса, чтобы добраться до университета.
а) takes;
б) will take;
в) will have taken.
3. Мой друг будет учителем через два года.
а) will be;
б) will have been;
в) is.
4. Я буду готовиться к контрольной в 5 часов завтра.
а) prepare;
б) will be preparing;
в) will prepare.
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребив формы the Future Simple или the Future Continuous.
1. I can’t understand this letter. I (call) my son. He (translate) it for you. 2. What you (do) when you grow up? – I (be) a pilot. 3. This time next month I (sit) on a beach. 4. In a few days time we (go) to London. 5. That tree makes the house very dark. – Very well, I (cut) it down. 6. My brother has just returned from America. – Oh, good, we (ask) him to come to our next party. 7. I’ll come at six o’clock. – Good, I (wait) for you. 8. You look frozen. Sit down by the fire and I (make) you a cup of tea. 9. Don’t ring her up at 9; she (put) her children to bed. Ring up later. 10. My son (be) in the fifth form next year. That means that he (learn) English. 11. I (know) the results in some days.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив формы the Future Perfect или the Future Perfect Continuous.
1. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 2. By next winter I (save) the necessary sum of money. 3. I (translate) the article for an hour before you come. 4. By the end of January he (work) at the University for 10 years. 5. On September 26 they (be married) for twenty-five years. 6. By the end of the month we (live) in this house for two years. 7. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month. 8. The train (leave) before we reach the station.
Упражнение 6. Переведите предложения, употребив нужную форму глагола будущего времени.
1. Я буду работать в библиотеке завтра (завтра с 2 до 3). 2. Мой друг будет читать (прочитает) книгу через несколько дней (к вечеру). 3. Он сдаст экзамены к трем часам завтра (на следующей неделе). 4. Вы будете слушать свою любимую музыку завтра (в два часа завтра).
Упражнение 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous.
1. If you don’t work hard you (not pass) your exams. 2. Will you lend me your season ticket? – No, I (not lend) it to you because it is against the law. 3. You (be) angry if I refuse to help you? 4. I (wait) for you when you come out. 5. Don’t ring her at 9.00. She still (sleep). 6. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 7. You (have) lunch with me? – I’d love to, but I’m afraid I (do) my exam at that time. 8. It’s beginning to get dark, the street lights (go on) in a few minutes. 9. We (to buy) a new flat if we have enough money. 10. The lift (not start) until you press the button. 11. 1 (finish) reading this book by tomorrow evening. 12. By the end of the year my mother (work) at school for twenty years. 13. I’m going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. – By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home. 14. When I leave school our family (live) in Minsk for ten years. 15. He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says that by the end of next year he (plant) 1,000. 16. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer. 17. I (not wear) glasses when you see me next. I (wear) contact lenses. You probably (not recognize) me. 18. This time next week I (have) my first skating lesson. 19. He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I’m sure he (forget) to do it. 20 The first day of the term (be) horrible, for everybody (talk) about their holidays and (show) photographs of foreign beaches and as I haven’t been anywhere I (feel) terribly out of it. 21. That oak tree still (stand) there fifty years from now. 22. By the end of next year he (work) for this company for 10 years.
Упражнение 8. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме.
1. We (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 2. I (not / go) away for my holidays next month because I haven’t got enough money. 3. (you / go) away? 4. The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening. 5. George, is it true that you (get married) next week? 6. The art exhibition (open) on 3 May and (finish) on 15 July. 7. What time (the next train / leave)? 8. Ann, we (go) to town, (you / come) with us?
Упражнение 9. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме.
1. The S.S. Blue Star (arrive) on Monday according to plan. 2. The examinations (take place) next month as announced. 3. The office (close) an hour later than usual tomorrow. 4. We (have) breakfast very early tomorrow so that we can leave home before even. 5. He usually works at the station but next month he (work) at the docks for a few days each week. 6. I’m sorry I can’t accept your invitation. I (have) lunch with some business people next Wednesday. 7. We always go to Paris on holiday. Next year I (go) to Spain for a change. 8. Saturday is his day off, usually. However, he (play) in the finals of a tennis tournament next Friday so the firm (give) him both days off. 9. My Uncle John from Zigzag (visit) us soon. 10. As a result of the bad weather, airplanes (not / take off) tonight.
Упражнение 10. Раскройте скобки, используя оборот to be going to.
1. I (finish) it next week. 2. He (go) there tomorrow. 3. We (be) at the meeting. 4. I (return) and (ask) him. 5. The teacher (explain) the next lesson to us tomorrow. 6. We (attend) that conference in St Louis next month. 7. I (study) my English lesson with my friends tonight. 8. Mr Wilson and Mr Johnson (be) in the office all afternoon. 9. The men (repair) the roof of the house the day after tomorrow. 10. There (be) an important meeting here next Thursday evening.
Упражнение 11. Выберите из скобок нужную форму глагола.
1. I (will go / am going) to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2. According to the weather forecast it (will rain / is raining) tomorrow. 3. I’m sure Tom (will get / is getting) the job. He has a lot of experience. 4. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine (will come / is coming) to see me. 5. Don’t worry about the dog. It (won’t hurt / isn’t hurting) you.
Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения, используя оборот to be going to.
1. Я куплю шесть ножей, две кастрюли и пару ложек. 2. Я буду моряком. 3. Я не собираюсь повторять свою ошибку. 4. Он не собирался продолжать поиски. 5. Он сказал, что прибудет немедленно. 6. Он сказал, что не будет торопиться.
Упражнение 13. Допишите предложения, используя оборот to be going to и слова в скобках.
1. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It (rain).
2. It’s 8.30. Jack is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey takes 30 min. He (be late).
3. There are holes in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming through the holes. The boat (sink).
4. Emma is driving. There is very little petrol in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. She (run out).
Упражнение 14. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в будущем или настоящем времени.
1. I wonder if he (laugh) all day. 2. She will buy a new hat when she (come) to Angela’s. 3. Read the letter to me while I (eat) lunch. 4. I shall stay here till he (come). 5. Tell her about it if she (want). 6. She wonders when somebody (come and tell) her what to do. 7. Do you know if your cousin (return) from his trip tomorrow? 8. They don’t realize that no changes (take place) until they (do) something about it. 9. I only know that if he (object) I (give up) the plan. 10. She knows that her father (phone) her as soon as anything (be known). 11. Don’t tell her about it before she (ask). 12. I shall cut some sandwiches in case we (be hungry). 13. I shall know all about it when I (get) the letter from him. 14. She knows that she (catch) bad cold unless she (go and change) her wet shoes. 15. I wonder when you (be) ready and if we (be) in time. 16. I am not sure when she (return). 17. Will you wait until he (come)? 18. Please book a return ticket if you (go) to York.
Упражнение 15. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Если они выйдут в половине пятого, они приедут в шесть. 2. Когда мы накроем на стол, мы пойдем встречать гостей на остановку. 3. Не беспокойся. Я встречу их, если Томсон не согласится подвезти их на машине. 4. Сколько времени займет дорога? 5. У нас будет концерт на следующей неделе. Мы примем в нем участие. 6. – Что ты делаешь, Джек? – Я решаю задачу. – А что ты делал час назад? – Я учил английский. – А что ты будешь делать через час? – Я буду бить тебя, если ты не перестанешь задавать глупые вопросы. 7. К экзамену я выучу все темы. 8. Мы скоро будем читать Достоевского. 9. Мы приедем к часу. Секретарь уже придет. 10. Они начнут строительство в ближайшие дни и закончат к концу года. 11. Не звоните ей в одиннадцать. Она уже будет спать. 12. Что ты собираешься делать в воскресенье? 13. Поезд отходит завтра в семь. 14. Вы позвоните мне завтра? 15. Мы поедем за город, если погода не будет дождливой. 16. Папа приедет к нам, если у него будет свободное время. 17. Карен не знает, что вы приедете в воскресенье. 18. Если мы достанем билеты, то пойдем в кино. 19. Я не смогу написать вам, пока не вернусь. 19. Они не знают, когда он придет, но когда он придет, они ему все расскажут. 20. Если вы останетесь еще на пару дней, мы сможем посетить музей.
Test № 4
Great Britain
I. British Geography Quiz.
Поставьте каждое из тринадцати слов в соответствующее место в таблице. Узнайте, какое слово выпадает из таблицы.
| London | Dublin | Cardiff | Shannon |
| Clyde | Ballymena | Swansea | Severn |
| Glasgow | Belfast | Thames | Edinburgh |
| Birmingham |
| Country | Towns | Rivers | Capitals |
| England | |||
| Scotland | |||
| Wales | |||
| Northern Ireland |
II. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. What is the status of Great Britain?
a) republic; b) parliamentary monarchy; c) United Kingdom.
2. What ocean is Great Britain washed by?
a) the Pacific Ocean; b) the Indian Ocean; c) the Atlantic Ocean.
3. How many parts does Great Britain consist of?
a) three; b) four; c) two.
4. London is the capital of …
a) England; b) Scotland; c) Northern Ireland.
5. What city is famous for its music festivals?
a) Liverpool; b) Manchester; c) Edinburgh.
6. What mountains mark the boundary between England and Scotland?
a) the Cordilleras; b) the Cheviot Hills; c) the Caucasus.
7. What separates Great Britain from the continent?
a) the English Channel;
b) the Irish Sea;
c) the Atlantic Ocean.
8. What is the climate of Great Britain?
a) cool and temperate;
b) mild and humid;
c) desert and hot.
9. The highest mountain of Great Britain, Ben Nevis is situated …
a) in Wales; b) in Scotland; c) in Northern Ireland.
10. What country is not very far away from the Arctic Circle?
a) Northern Ireland; b) Wales; c) Scotland.
11. Edinburgh has been the capital of Scotland …
a) since the 15th century;
b) since the 16th century;
c) from time immemorial.
12. What county is known as the Garden of England?
a) Surrey; b) Kent; c) Pembrokeshire.
13. What may be called the eighth wonder of the world?
a) The Giant’s Causeway;
b) the Lake District;
c) Snowdonia.
14. What is another name for Northern Ireland?
a) Cymru; b) Emerald Isle; c) Ulster.
15. What country is the most densely populated?
a) Scotland; b) Wales; c) Northern Ireland.
Lesson 6
London
Grammar: модальные глаголы can, must, may, need, should; страдательный залог (Passive Voice Indefinite, Passive Voice Continuous)
Словарный минимум
Существительные:
| suburb | пригород |
| area | район |
| district | район города |
| jewel | драгоценности |
| mint | монетный двор |
| underground | метро |
| palace | дворец |
| inhabitant | житель |
| masterpiece | шедевр |
Прилагательные:
| economic | экономический |
| political | политический |
| cultural | культурный |
| magnificent | великолепный |
| major | крупнейший |
| empty | пустой |
| concrete | бетонный |
| nearby | близлежащий |
| hereditary | наследственный, традиционный |
Глаголы:
| keep | хранить, держать |
| grow into | превращаться |
| to be concentrated | быть сконцентрированным |
| attract | привлекать |
Словосочетания:
| to have a population of | иметь население |
| the crown jewels | королевские драгоценности (короны) |
| Changing of the Guard | смена караула |
| a Roman Town | римский город |
| the Royal Exchange | королевская биржа |
| the Bank of England | Банк Англии |
| the Old Bailey | Центральный Уголовный Суд |
| to be crowned with a huge dome | быть увенчанным огромным куполом |
| the Whispering Gallery | Галерея шёпота (акустический свод, резонирующий слова, сказанные шёпотом) |
| to be guarded by “Beefeaters” | охраняться бифитерами (солдатами охраны Лондонского Тауэра) |
| to stay alive | зд.: быть оживлённым |
| to take place | происходить, случаться |
| to come to enjoy oneself | приходить отдыхать |
| to be full of trees, flowers and grass | быть полным деревьев, цветов и травы |
| to live out |
