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( , )

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FAQ

⇐ 12345678910 ⇒



 

7

-
       
g [g] 1. a, o, u 2. 3. Game [geim] Glad [glæd] Big [big]
r [r] 1. 2. Red [red] Green [gri:n]
th [Ө] 1. 2. Thin [Өin] Teeth [ti:Ө]
ve [v] Twelve [twelve]
w [w] We [wi:]

. 7

       
wh [w] White [wait]
[h] o Who [hu:]
wr [r] Write [rait]
j [d ] Jam [d æm]
g [d ] e, i, y Page [peid ]
sh [∫] She [∫i:] Fish [fi∫]
ch [t∫] 1. 2. Chess [t∫es] Teach [ti:t∫]
tch [t∫] Match [mæt∫]
ture [t∫ə] Picture [pikt∫ə]

 

8

-
oi oy [כּi] Voice [vכּis] Boy [bכּi]
ear eer ere [iə] Clear [kliə] Deer [diə] Here [hiə]
air are [εə] Chair [t∫εə] Care [kεə]
wor [wə:] Work [wə:k]
oor[2] [uə] Poor [puə]
ur+* [uə] [juə] Sure [∫uə] Pure [pjuə]
qu+ [kw]+. Quite [kwait]
ire yre [aiə] tired [taiəd] tyre [taiə]
our ower [auə] Our [auə] flower [flauə]
tion sion ssion   [∫n] station [stei∫n] tension [ten∫n] session [se∫n]
sure [ ə] pleasure [ple ə]
sion [ n] television [telivi n]

 

1. . , [s], [z] :

 

[s] [z]

 

sin side nice kites lies dimes pins

silk site miss bits dies lines bills

sick sit kiss sits ties miles sides

pies binds lids

 

2. :

 

my mile in pies nice bits

by mild ill ties mice lips

die mind is lines miss kicks

tie kind it sides kiss sits

 

3. . , [ð] :

 

than then this [ðis] lithe

that them this is tithe

 

4. :

 

Day, man, mail, than, kind, name, h, sick, knelt, desks, ties, pay, him, his, lines, middle, kitten, that, them

 

5. . [w]:

 

way well why twin

we went when twenty

wine wife while twelve

win west white twist

 

6. . [w] [v]:

 

wain vein wine vine wise vise

will veil went vent west vest

 

 

7. . , [r]:

 

rain raise train write marry

rail rag green wreath carry

ran red French wrap ferry

 

8. , [u] [u:]:

 

nook noon foot food

look moon cook cool

book boot took spoon

 

9. . , [η] :

 

long ring answering morning

gong bring doing evening

song sing playing opening

throng thing showing closing

reading writing giving sitting

standing taking asking watching

 

10. . [ə:]:

 

her turn nerve certain world

sir term serve curtain word

fur girl third nurse work

burn bird first curse worker

 

11. . [e] [ə:]:

 

Ben burn get girl well world

ten turn set serve wet work

stem tern bet birth west worst

 

12. . [ə:] [כּ:]:

 

burn - born world - warm word - ward

turn - torn curl - corn shirt - short

firm - form worm - warm third thorn

 

13. . , [uə ] [juə] :

 

[uə ] [juə]

moor tour mure cure

poor sure [∫uə] pure 'mural

14. , [w]. [k] [t] [w].

 

queen twin twill

quite twinned 'twilight

quest twirl twelfth

question twelve twice

quick 'twenty twist

 

15. [i:], [e], [æ], [כּ], [L], [ai] [ou]. .

 

[i:] [e]

me green ten well e'leven

he 'easy pen 'yellow 'texbook

she 'evening pencil French 'breakfast

tea 'please friend 'twenty 'question

 

[æ] [כּ] [L]

man 'absent on from son

jam match orange dog Sunday

thank 'factory sorry clock colour

lamp 'Saturday tomorrow what butter

 

[ai] [ou]

I time no 'Soviet

my 'minus go those

bye to'night show hope

tie write hello 'notebooks

 

16. . , [∫] :

 

shine shave shift fish 'Swedish

she shell sheep dash 'Danish

show shelf sheet dish 'Finnish

 

17. . , [L] :

 

run lunch bus cup 'funny son 'other

sun luck plus cut 'sunny month 'mother

fun puck fuss shut 'lucky 'London 'brother

 

18. . er [ə]:

 

summer 'other 'teacher 'letter

number 'mother 'chatter 'better

winter 'brother 'matter 'butter

 

19. . , [ כּ:]:

 

door wore born ball 'corner

floor tore corn wall 'former

more store torn tall 'border

bore score form small 'scorer

 

halt sort short north

salt port fork 'forty

talk sport forth 'shorter

 

20. , [L], [כּ], [כּ:], [t∫] [d ].

 

Child, fork, clock, class, jam, stage, cup, cheat, born, not, 'funny, chess, door, box, choose, juice, beech, 'summer, 'butter.

 

21. . , [auə] [j] []:

 

 

wire lyre tired

fire byre fired

hire tyre hired

 

22. ; [auə] [w]:

 

our 'flower

flour 'power

sour 'tower

hour ['auə] 'vowel

 

 

23. [æ], [α:], [כּ:], [u:], [ju:], [ə:], [au], [ou], [iə]. , , .

 

[æ] [α:] [כּ:]

ran shall large glass raw re'corder

ban tank hard class all salt

can thank after last wall su'pport

stand happy article 'basket corner chalk

 

[u:] [ju:] [ə:]

do boom you early work

too pool new learn 'dirty

through [θru:] food pupil girl 'thirty

soon boot excuse word 'thirsty

 

[au] [ou] [iə]

how round low 'over near real

allow pound show smoke hear 'really

brown sound own 'yellow spear 'nearly

town out home 'window tear 'nearby

Lesson 1

My Family

 

Grammar: to be, to have , , , , , , , there is/are, (Present Indefinite Tense, Present Continuous Tense)

 

:

wife
husband
house-wife
son (grandson) ()
daughter (granddaughter) ()
grandmother, grandfather ,
cousin , (, )
aunt
uncle
brother
sister
nephew
niece

 

:

rich
tall
casual , , (), ,
attractive
soft , , ,
gentle , , ,
common , , ,
clever , ,
outdoor , , ,
local
close ; (adv)
sociable
quiet ,
bright , , ,
generous ,
tolerant

 

:

wear (),
get back
travel
prefer
study ,
mend ,
entertain
agree

 

:

to see much of smb -
to be interested in smth -
to be full of smth -
to look after smth, smb -, -
to go skating (skiing) ()
to be fond of smth -,
to be going to do smth -
to get married
to do well
to be good at smth , -

 

Vocabulary Exercises

 

1. .

Grandmother, granddaughter, niece, aunt, great grandmother, cousin, uncle, grandfather

1. Your mothers father

2. Your fathers sister

3. Your fathers brothers son

4. Your sisters daughter

5. Your fathers mother

6. Your daughters daughter

7. Your fathers brother

8. Your fathers grandmother

 

2. .

Tall, soft, common, clever, outdoor, local, close, quiet, bright, generous

1. Theres a bus-stop to the school.

2. Tom is 6 foot .

3. He is at arithmetic.

4. The husband is French, the wife is German, and the lodger () is Italian, but they have English as a language.

5. He is with his money.

6. He leads an life; so you cant call him a home-lover.

7. A boy learns quickly.

8. This is our doctor; he treats patients of this district.

9. She likes a pillow and a hard mattress.

10. It is impossible for her to live a life in the country; she is a very bright girl.

 

3. :

wear a broken window
travel to proposal
study a nice dress
mend tea to coffee
prefer by ones own car
agree a foreign language
get back oneself with playing the piano
entertain home

 

 

Text. An English Family

 

The Cornfords live in Rugby at 28 Coronation Street. John Cornford is a rich businessman of about fifty. He is tall and dark. He wears dark suits but at weekends he wears casual clothes. He usually gets up at six, does some exercises and goes to the office. He never gets back before ten oclock at night, so he doesnt see much of his family. He is interested in collecting pictures of horses. At the moment he is traveling on business in America because he is opening an office over there next year.

Sarah, Mr. Cornfords wife, is forty-five. She is an attractive woman with blond hair and soft blue eyes. She is kind and gentle, very practical and full of common sense. Sarah is a house-wife. She looks after the house and the family.

The Cornfords have two children: a son and a daughter. Their sons name is Steve. He is 22. He is a clever young man. He works at a design office. He is a very outdoor person. He is a member of the local yacht club. When he has a chance Steve and his friends get down to the coast for the weekend, camping there and sailing in competition. He plays football sometimes for a Rugby team, but prefers watching the game, either on television or at the local ground where he goes with his father sometimes.

Steve has a number of close friends and a beautiful girl-friend, Pauline, by name. Pauline studies at a teachers training college. Steve and Pauline often go out for the evening to the cinema or else they go skating at the Rugby skating rink. Pauline is a very good skater and she is trying to teach Steve how to skate well. Both Steve and Pauline are very friendly and sociable. Sometimes Steve takes Pauline to the pub where they meet some of their friends and sit and chat for an hour or so and sometimes they go dancing. Steve is very fond of Pauline. They are going to get married in a year.

Steves sister, Alice, is a lovely, quiet, serious girl. She goes to grammar school. She is a bright girl and does very well at school. Alice reads a lot, she is fond of music. She is good at drawing. She takes lessons in drawing at the local art school.

Sarahs mother, Grandma, as the children call her, also lives with them. She is in late sixties. Her kind face is wrinkled, her hair is grey, but she is still quite young in spirit. She likes reading and gardening and she often goes for long walks. Shes a very active person. Either shes making something or mending something or doing something to entertain herself. Shes extremely generous, but not very tolerant with the people who dont agree with her.

 

Text Exercises

 

1. .

Is the Cornford family large? How many are they? Where do they live? What does Mr. Cornford do? What does he like? What is he interested in? What is he doing in America now? What is Mrs. Cornford like? What does she do? How old is Steve? Whats his job? Is Steve married? Do Steve and Pauline often go out? What is Alice like? What is she fond of? How old is Sarahs mother? What does she look like? What kind of woman is she?

 

2. :

1. John Cornford is a driver. 2. John Cornford is married. 3. Steve isnt a very outgoing person. 4. Steve is going to get married. 5. Steve is the only child in the family. 6. Sarahs mother lives with the Cornfords, too.

3. .

 

My Family

- Whats your name?

- My name is Richard Fulton.

- Where are you from?

- Im from New York.

- How old are you?

- Im twenty four. I was born on July 26, 1982.

- How many brothers do you have?

- I have two brothers. The elder one is twenty. Hes at the University. The younger one is seventeen. Hes in his last year of high school.

- How many sisters do you have?

- I have one sister. She is nine. She goes to grammar school.

- What does your father do?

- He is a doctor.

- Does your whole family live here?

- My whole family except my grandparents. They live on a farm near Milwaukee.

- Are you related to Mrs. Rayburn?

- She is my aunt.

 

4. .

What is your name? How old are you? Are you married? Where do you study? Have you got any hobby? Is your family large? Have you got any brothers or sisters? Will you tell us some words about them? Where do your parents live? What are they? How old are they? What are they like? Are your grandparents alive? How old are they? What do they do? What are they like?

Grammar Exercises

 

1. to be Present, Past Future Indefinite.

1. My father a teacher. 2. He a pupil twenty years ago. 3. I doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister not at home tomorrow. 5. She at school tomorrow. 6. you at home tomorrow? 7. your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister ill last week. 9. She not ill now. 10. Yesterday we at the theatre. 11. Where your mother now? She in the kitchen. 12. Where you yesterday? I at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family at home. 14. your little sister in bed now? Yes, she . 15. you at the Institute tomorrow? Yes, I . 16. When my granny young, she an actress. 17. My friend in Moscow now. 18. He in St. Peterburg tomorrow. 19. Where your books now? They in my bag. 20. She ill yesterday, but now she fine.

 

2. to have to be.

1. I married. 2. I a miner. 3. I a family. 4. My family large. 5. She two brothers. 6. We a fine flat. 7. My wifes mother my mother-in-law. 8. This room five desks. 9. Her husband in the army. 10. Sally green eyes. 11. He a lot of problems. 12. This man my uncle. 13. The car a radio. 14. He blue eyes and a bad memory. 15. What you? 16. May 31 days. 17. your brother a bicycle? 18. you married? 19. He two sisters and a brother, but he not any cousins. 20. She strong and young.

 

3. .

1. Ann and Pete are in class. I can see . 2. He is in the house. Go to . 3. She is at college. You can meet there. 4. The text-book is on the desk. Take . 5. We are late. Can you help ? 6. Ann is at school. Meet please. 7. They are at home. May I speak to ? 8. Pete may be late. Tell the time, please. 9. I have a lot of pencils. Lets look at . 10. Mary is at home. Tell to come, please.

 

4. .

1. We live in a little village. There are very many old houses in village. 2. You take chemistry at University. Are there many students at group? 3. They live in Kiev. Do they live in the centre of city? 4. He teaches at school. Does he like job? 5. I have got a large family. I spend every weekend with family.

 

5. :

e.g. These are our books. These books are ours.

1. Those are their tickets. 2. Is this your pen? 3. That is our dog. 4. This is his typewriter. 5. Are those your gloves? 6. Is that my umbrella? 7. This is Marys hat. 8. That is my brothers house. 9. This is his coat. 10. Are these my flowers? 11. Is that your car? 12. Is that her tape-recorder?

e.g. These pencils are hers. These are her pencils.

1. Those gloves are yours. 2. Is that dictionary hers? 3. Is that bag mine? 4. That car is ours. 5. The dog isnt mine. 6. Those glasses are his. 7. Are these pictures Johns? 8. Is that shirt his? 9. That newspaper is hers. 10. That house is my brothers. 11. These newspapers are yours. 12. This car is theirs.

 

6. :

A star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, a tooth, a child, the ox, the life, a tomato

 

7. :

this tea-cup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife

 

8. .

1. This is a star. 2. This is a boy. 3. This is a baby. 4. That is a plate. 5. That is a flower. 6. That is a bookshelf. 7. Is this a sofa? 8. Is this a bookcase? 9. Is this a man? 10. Is that a ball? 11. Is a window open? 12. Is the door closed? 13. Is the boy near the window? 14. This isnt a mountain. 15. That isnt a goose. 16. This isnt a mouse. 17. It is not a cat. 18. It isnt a tree. 19. This man is an engineer. 20. That woman is my sister. 21. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 22. This boy has a good coat. 23. I have a good pen. My pen is in the pocket. 24. Has this lady a knife? 25. This lady is that gentlemans wife. 26. This shoe is too large for my foot. 27. My tooth is white. 28. This is my friends study. 29. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? He is a Frenchman. 30. This strawberry is still green.

 

9. , .

1. The room of my friend. 2. The questions of my son. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The table of our teacher. 5. The poems of Pushkin. 6. The voice of this girl. 7. The new club of the workers. 8. The letter of Pete. 9. The car of my parents. 10. The life of this woman. 11. The handbags of these women. 12. The flat of my sister is large. 13. The children of my brother are at home. 14. The room of the boys is large. 15. The name of the girl is Jane. 16. The work of these students is interesting.

 

10. , :

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

 

11. .

1. There is a river in this forest. The river is in this forest. 2. There are books and magazines in my bag. The books and magazines are in the bag. 3. There is a copy-book on the table. The copy-book is on the table. 4. There is hot tea and cheese on the table. The hot tea and cheese are on the table. 5. There are pupils and a teacher in the classroom. The pupils and the teacher are in the classroom. 6. There is a museum in the street. The museum is in the street. 7. There is a book and two magazines on the shelf. The book and two magazines are on the shelf.

 

12. :

1. There are many trees in our garden. 2. There is a trolley-bus stop near my office. 3. There are some mistakes in his dictation. 4. There is a piece of chalk on the table. 5. There is much snow in the street. 6. There are many flowers in the vase. 7. There are two pens in my bag. 8. There are three rooms in my flat. 9. There is an airport in our town. 10. There is a carpet in our bedroom.

 

13. .

1. . 2. ? 3. . 4. ? 5. . 6. . 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10. ? 11. , . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. ? 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. 23 , 25. 21. . 22. . 23. . 24. . 25. . 26. 26 . 27. . 28. . 29. . 30. .

 

14. , Present Continuous Present Indefinite:

 

1. I (to read) now. I (to read) every day.
2. We (to drink) tea now. We (to drink) tea every morning.
3. We (not to watch) TV now. We (not to watch) TV in the morning.
4. They (not to eat) now. They (not to eat) at the lesson.
5. You (to work) now? You (to work) every day?
6. He (to play) now? He (to play) in the afternoon?
7. What you (to do) now? What you (to do) every morning?
8. What you (to read) now? What you (to read) after dinner?
9. What they (to eat) now? What they (to eat) at breakfast?
10. What your brother (to drink) now? What your brother (to drink) in the evening?

 

15. , Present Continuous Present Indefinite:

1. I (to write) a composition now. 2. I (not to drink) milk now. 3. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He (not to read) now. 6. He (to play) now. 7. He (to play) now? 8. My mother (to work) at a factory. 9. My aunt (not to work) at the factory. 10. You (to work) at an office? 11. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg. 12. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 13. The children (not to sleep) now. 14. You (to play) chess now? 15. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 16. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room? 17. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to the University. 18. Michael (to know) German rather well. 19. When your lessons (to begin) on Monday? 20. The dog (to lie) on the floor.

Test 1

Family

 

.

1. Your is a girl or a woman who has the same parents as you.

a) sister; b) cousin; c) aunt.

2. Your is the brother of your mother or father, or the husband of your aunt?

a) cousin; b) uncle; c) nephew.

3. Your is the daughter of your sister or brother.

a) cousin; b) niece; c) nephew.

4. Mr and Mrs. Brown are .

a) brother and sister; b) husband and wife; c) cousins.

5. What is the secret of a happy ?

a) wedding; b) marrying; c) marriage.

6. When you look after somebody you

a) take care of them; b) travel with them; c) agree to them.

7. You should children to be generous, not selfish.

a) wear; b) mend; c) bring up.

8. Group of parents and children is called .

a) grandparents; b) family; c) aunts and uncles.

9. is someone who you know well and like, but who is not related to you.

a) relative; b) friend; c) brother.

10. Someones is the son of your sister or brother.

a) cousin; b) nephew; c) niece.

11. Your are your brothers or sisters.

a) relatives; b) siblings; c) cousins.

12. Both parents should their children.

a) take care; b) take care of; c) take care for.

13. A is a man whose wife has died and who hasnt married again.

a) widow; b) widower; c) widowed.

14. is a child whose parents are dead.

a) an orphan; b) a foster child; c) an adopted child.

15. They are each other.

a) with love to; b) in love with; c) in love to.

 

Lesson 2

Krasnoyarsk

 

Grammar: some, any, no ; much, many, little (a little), few (a few); ; ; ; ; - (Present Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

:

fortress
confluence (), ()
merchant
century ,
spectator , ,
circus ,
lore ( )
exhibition , ,
branch , ; ,
enterprise (, );
sight , ;
tributary
chapel ,
bridge
achievement
contemporary ,
reservation

 

:

whole ,
outstanding
ancient , ;
scientific
educational
(non)-ferrous () ()
rare ,
main ,
powerful
municipal , ;
artificial
marvellous ,
numerous
craggy , ,
adroit , , ,
true ,

 

:

amaze ,
stretch , ,
include , ,
construct , ,
preserve , ,
produce ,
belong , -,
depict , ,
award ,
appear , , ,
surround ,
attract ,
carve , , ( )

 

:

to pay attention to smth -
to date back to , ,
to go without saying
(not) by chance ()
to put into operation
from time immemorial
a great number of ,
no wonder

 

Vocabulary Exercises

1. :

strog, August, Cossacks, steppe, taiga, status, cultural, bibliophile, opera, champion, professional, theatre, museum, concert, history, economy, gallery, complex, list, territory, memorials, intellectual, potential, academy, physics, chemistry, technical, metals, metallurgy, elements, ocean, hydroelectric, symbols, medal, grandiose, unique, traditional, motorcycle, tourism, hectares, fantastical, alpinist, guest.

 

2. :

a) fortress; b) exhibition; c) tributary; d) reservation; e) ancient; f) rare; g) municipal; h) artificial; i) stretch; j) preserve; k) surround; l) belong

1. Be the property of, be a member of, have as a right or proper place;

2. Belonging to times long past, very old;

3. Not natural or real, made by the art of man;

4. Collection of things shown publicly; display of goods, animals, plants, flowers, etc. shown in competition, for prizes;

5. Fortified building or town;

6. Of a town or city having self-government;

7. Keep safe from harm or danger; keep from decay, risk, loss; care for and protect land, rivers, lakes, etc with animals, birds, and fish;

8. Unusual, uncommon, not often happening, seen, etc;

9. Area of land reserved for a special purpose;

10. Make wider, longer or higher, by pulling; lie on at full length;

11. Be, go, all round, shut in on all sides;

12. (Of a river) flowing into another.

 

Text. Krasnoyarsk

 

The fortress (ostrog) near Krasny Yar was built in August of 1628. The Cossacks headed by Andrei Dubensky during their way along the Enisey paid attention to the place of confluence of the two rivers the Enisey and the Kacha. The beauty of these places amazed them steppes, mountains and the taiga stretched for miles around. The ostrog got its present-day name Krasnoyarsk at the end of the 17th century. The status of the city was got by Krasnoyarsk in 1690. In the 18th century the Moscow High Road went through the whole city.

Krasnoyarsk is a cultural center of Siberia. In its history there are many outstanding names among which you can find a painter Vassily Surikov, a merchant-bibliophile Gennady Yudin, an opera singer Dmitry Khvorostovsky, a choreographer Michail Godenko, a two times Olympic champion in wrestling Ivan Yarigin.

Five professional theatres function in the city: the House of Opera and Ballet, a drama theatre, a musical theatre, a puppet theatre and a theatre of young spectators. Besides there are two concert halls, the Organ Hall, a circus, the museum of local lore, history and economy, the Surikov house-museum, a picture gallery and a large exhibition complex. 62 libraries are open for readers in the city.

Krasnoyarsk is included into the list of historical places in the Russian Federation. The centre of ancient Krasnoyarsk and historical buildings constructed in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries are rather well preserved. On the city territory there are some memorials dating back to the archeology of the Stone Age such as Afontova Hill, Bugach, Gremyachy Log and others.

Krasnoyarsk is rich in knowledge! The city is one of the largest Siberian scientific centers. Intellectual potential is consolidated under Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Six large institutes, such as Kirensky Institute of Physics, the Sukachev Forest Institute, the Institute of Chemistry and the Computer Center are included in it. There are a great number of schools and 13 higher educational institutions in Krasnoyarsk. Among them State, Technical, Agrarian, Technological and Teacher training universities, Academy of non-ferrous metals and gold, Aerospace, Medical and Architectural-Constructing academies, Institute of Arts, Trade-Economic Institute.

The leading branch of industry in Krasnoyarsk is non-ferrous metallurgy. More than 30 heavy, light, alloyed, rare-earth metals and elements are produced in the city, and the most important are aluminum, platinum and gold. The largest industrial enterprises are the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, the Krasnoyarsk Plant of Non-ferrous Metals and Gold, the Sibelectrostal Plant, the Metallurgical Plant, the Software Plant and many others.

It goes without saying; the main sight of Krasnoyarsk is the Enisey. Its length is 3, 487 km. On the way to the ocean the great Siberian river takes more that 500 large tributaries. Not by chance it was the Enisey where the most powerful in Eurasia hydroelectric power-stations were built: the Sayano-Shushenskaya (built in 1980) and the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power-station (1972). The latter is one of the regional symbols: together with the railway bridge across the Enisey and the Chapel of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa the dam of the station is depicted on ten-ruble bank-notes.

Krasnoyarsk bridges also belong to the main sights of the city. The railway bridge across the Enisey built in 1899 by the engineer-mechanic E. K. Knorre was awarded a gold medal at the world exhibition in Paris in 1900 as the highest achievement of technical thought. A gold medal was also won by the world-known Eiffel tower. Unique bridges across the Enisey were built by our contemporaries, too. In 1961 a municipal bridge whose length is 2,100 meters was put into operation. But the Oktyabrsky road-transport bridge across the Enisey built in 1986 appeared to be even more grandiose; with 41 meters in width and its length is more than 5 kilometers.

Krasnoyarsk is a city of mass and professional sports. Twice it was the capital of All-Union Winter Spartakiads. It happened not only because of the unique sports centers in the city: there are three Palaces of Sports with artificial ice, 15 stadiums, 11 swimming pools, 12 skating rinks, 106 football fields, 208 sports halls, a complex of jumping-off places, among them there is a one hundred ski-jump, the biggest in Russia, but also because of a traditional interest of Siberians to sports. No wonder that such kinds of sports as wrestling and Greco-Roman one, judo, ice-hockey, rugby and motorcycle races on the ice are loved by the people of Krasnoyarsk.

Marvelous nature surrounding the city makes for the development of tourism. Next to the city there is a wonderful state reservation Stolby attracting numerous tourists. It was organized in 1925. Here craggy rocks tower above the taiga on the territory numbering 47,000 hectares. They are about one hundred. For million years rains and winds, the cold and the sun were carving fantastical figures from these wild rocks. People named them differently: Devils Finger, Big Golden Eagle, Totem, Lion Gates, Gryphon, Feathers, etc.

From time immemorial the reserve has been the favorite resting place of the Krasnoyarsk citizens. The most famous Krasnoyarsk alpinists the Abalakov brothers began their way to the peaks beyond the clouds from Stolby. Every generation of Siberian people were taught here, on Stolby, to be adroit and brave, to be a true friend and to love. And no wonder that Krasnoyarsk citizens always bring their dearest guest, the nearest man to Stolby to run on the rocks together.

 

Text Exercises

 

1. :

1900, 1961, 1986, 1925, 1690, 1628, 1972?

 

2. .

1) Who founded Krasnoyarsk and when?

2) Why did the Cossacks choose this place for the future town?

3) Why can one call Krasnoyarsk a cultural centre of Siberia?

4) Are there many historical buildings and monuments in Krasnoyarsk?

5) Where is knowledge and science consolidated in Krasnoyarsk?

6) What kinds of industries are leading ones in our city?

7) What is the connection between Krasnoyarsk and ten-ruble banknotes?

8) Why are the bridges over the Enisey called unique?

9) What kinds of sports are loved by people of Krasnoyarsk?

10) What can your say about the reservation Stolby? Have you been there?

 

2. , .

 

3. , .

1. Before the revolution this building belonged to the Gadalovs. Children like to visit it.

2. This building is one of the most beautiful constructions of the city. It was built in 1978 when we celebrated the 350th anniversary of the citys foundation.

3. In this building you can find any book you want. Besides, there are journals, newspapers, manuscripts and a large department of foreign literature.

4. Among the dark wooden houses there is an unusual structure in red bricks. Its the former Roman Catholic Church built in 1911 according to the plan of the Krasnoyarsk architect Sokolovsky. One can find here all the features of South French Gothic of the middle ages.

5. It was founded in 1828 by order of the first Yeniseisk governor Stepanov on the territory of natural forest and is one of the most favorite places of rest of the citizens of Krasnoyarsk. In summer a childrens railway, one of the first in the country, is functioning here.

6. This building of oriental style was built in 1929 to the design of the Krasnoyarsk architect I. Chernishov. It looks very much like an ancient Egyptian temple.

7. It was built in 1855 on the place of the former watch tower on the hill overlooking the Katscha River. At the beginning of the 17th century day and night round there was a sentry-post with guards keeping watch over the environs and signaling with flash-lights in case of danger.

 

4. .

1. : , .

2. 1628 .

3. , , , - , , .

4. , , , .

5. , , , , , , , , - .

6. , , .

7. , , .

8. , - , , , .

9. ; .

10. 47000 , : ׸ , , , .

11. , , , , ; , , .

 

5. . .

 

An English Town

Dorking is a small town about 25 miles south of London. Most of the buildings in Dorking are at least 100 years old. The church is about 150 years old, and many of the houses are of that age. One street, West Street, is very old. It is full of antique shops, and many of them are in 17th-century buildings. There are also many old pubs in Dorking and one old hotel. But not all the buildings in the town are old; there is also a modern shopping centre and a very new sports centre. There are many restaurants in Dorking and a lot of shops; there are two supermarkets, but no department stores. Every Friday, there is a market in the town.

Dorkings communications are very good. There are three railway stations, with lines going north to London, west to Guildford and east to Gatwick, Londons second airport. Dorking is also close to the M25, which is the motorway that goes around London. Another road, the A24, goes north to London and south to the coast.

 

6. , .

 

1. At least )
2. Full )
3. Antique shops )
4. Pub )
5. Modern )
6. Sports centre )
7. Market )
8. Communications )
9. Airport )
10. Coast )

 

7. , .

1. How far is Dorking from London?

2. How old is the church?

3. Where can you find antique shops?

4. Is the town hall an old building?

5. How many supermarkets are there in Dorking?

6. How many department stores are there?

7. Which day is market day?

8. Where does the railway line north go to?

9. What is Gatwick?

10. Where does the A24 south go to?

 

8. , .

 

Grammar Exercises

 

1. some, any no , .

1. There are schools in this street. 2. Are there pictures in your book? 3. There are flowers here in winter. 4. I can see children in the yard. They are playing. 5. Are there new buildings in your street? 6. Do you like apples? 7. There are people in the park because it is cold. 8. I see boys in the garden, but Mike is not among them. 9. Give me tea, please, Im thirsty. 10. Do you want milk in your coffee? 11. Have you got time to spare? Id like to ask you questions. 12. My brother doesnt like carrots. 13. Is there cheese on the plate? 14. My mother likes music. 15. There is ham on the plate. 16. There is tea in the cup: the cup is empty. 17. Are there sweets in your bag? Yes, there are . 18. Is there paper on the table? 19. It is winter. There are leaves on the trees. 20. People need oxygen for breathing.

 

2. :

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books. 9. Peter has something in his box. 10. She has seen this man somewhere.

 

3. :

a) something, anything, nothing, everything.

1. Give me to read, please. With pleasure. 2. I dont know about your town. Tell me about it. 3. Please give me warm: it is cold here. 4. I understand... now. Thank you for your explanation. 5. There is white in the bottle. What is it?

b) somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody.

1. Did he ask to help him? 2. I have seen I know at the lecture. 3. Do you really think that visits this place? 4. knows that water is necessary for life. 5. There is in the next room. I dont know him.

c) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.

1. You must go next summer. 2. Did you go on Sunday? 3. Lets go . The weather is fine. 4. I can find my glasses . I always put them and then look for them. 5. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags, banners and flowers .

 

4. :

) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;

) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;

) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

 

5. :

)

1. Spaghetti, likes, much, Janet, very.

2. On, work, can, Monday, we, start.

3. A, Jane, her, party, met, friends, at.

4. You, doesnt, dance, to, she, with, want.

5. Winter, it, in, cold, isnt, in, England.

6. To, radio, listen, Id, to, like, the.

7. Has, on, my, flat, a, sixth, friends, got, the, family, floor.

8. Cinema, we, to, tonight, are, the, going.

9. Bus, we, excursion, are, by, going, an, on.

10. At, he, lunch, oclock, always, has, 1.

 

)

1. Moment, what, you, at, are, the, wearing?

2. Living, you, were, where, you, started, when, school?

3. Go, you, where, holiday, were, did, child, when, you, on, a?

4. Play, any, the, at, sports, weekend, you, do?

5. Up, time, morning, what, did, get, this, you?

6. Pyramids, Egypt, ever, to, to, been, the, have, see, you?

7. Mother, look, you, your, like, do?

8. Work, for, you, do, company, which?

 

6. :

Example: My brother likes skating. Does my brother like skating?

1. He translates a lot of letters into English. 2. Little children like to ask many questions. 3. Their classes will last till four of clock tomorrow. 4. Youve already done this task. 5. My children are at college. 6. She can play the guitar very well. 7. There are many people in the library now. 8. He has already read a lot of English books. 9. She spends a lot of time on her English. 10. I will show you how to do it.

 

7. ( ):

Example: My brother likes skating (3).

Does your brother like skating or skiing?

Does your or his brother like skating?

Does your brother or Pete like skating?

1. The film was exciting (2). 2. Thousands of people have visited the exhibition (2). 3. He watches TV every day (3). 4. They can go to the country on Friday (3). 5. She has painted the walls (3).

 

8. :

Example: She has already come. She has already come, hasnt she?

1. They will return in a month. 2. Open the window. 3. Im late. 4. There is a theatre in the centre of the city. 5. She has never been to the Zoo. 6. Dont go there. 7. Peter and Ann know English well. 8. He didnt do his homework. 9. Lets go to the country. 10. Nobody has come yet. 11. She wont be playing the piano at twelve. 12. They cant speak German at all. 13. She knows him. 14. There werent any mistakes in his dictation. 15. It isnt raining now.

 

9. ( ):

Example: We are going to Moscow soon (3).

Who is going to Moscow?

Where are we going soon?

When are we going to Moscow?

1. My working day lasts eight hours. (3) 2. I have read this book in the original. (3) 3. They were watching TV when I came. (4) 4. I was absent because I was ill. (2) 5. It takes me two hours to get there. (2) 6. They are going to travel by car. (3) 7. I always speak English to him. (3) 8. She will do the work in two days time. (3). 9. I can teach you to swim. (3) 10. We have known the Browns for twenty years already. (3)

 

10. at, in, on, from till, since, by, for:

1. We have been friends childhood. 2. She will be at the Institute 10 a.m. 3 p.m. 3. She has lived in St. Petersburg 1970. 4. I shall read this book the end of the week. 5. I havent spoken to him 2 months. 6. Do you think he is going to stay ever? 7. He bought the car August. 8. He never comes to class time. 9. She arrived five oclock in a taxi. 10. Every morning I get on the bus 8.30. 11. I wont be back several hours. You should eat without me. 12. Everyone finished dinner seven oclock. 13. Will you lend me your pen a minute? 14. I have known Dan... many years. 15. I have been working on this two hours. 16. He gets up seven oclock the morning and goes to bed eleven. 17. His office hours are ten six. 18. The train will leave two minutes. 19. I was not there last summer. 20. Can you meet me Friday afternoon? 21. She always visits me Sundays. 22. Its very cool here the evening. 23. I met her 1982. 24. She got many nice presents her birthday. 25. They may stay in Europe several months.

 

11. ( ) ( ).

 

1. He put his pen and pencils 1) on a small table
2. There is a cat 2) into a pencil-box
3. There is a TV set 3) on the wall
4. There are green curtains 4) in the garden
5. There is a round table 5) in the garden
6. There are some pictures 6) above sea level
7. The children are playing 7) across the street
8. There are four chairs 8) from the table
9. The children like to run 9) above the writing-desk
10. The bus-stop is 10) across the river
11. The bed is 11) on the windows
12. Take the book 12) out of your school-bag
13. There is a lamp 13) to school
14. The dog is 14) are running along the street
15. Take the text-book and begin to read. 15) in front of the house
16. Ann is 8, she goes 16) on the roof of the house
17. Cars and buses 17) and took off his hat
18. The man entered the room 18) in the middle of the room
19. When the mist is thick 19) you cannot see anything through it
20. There is a comfortable arm-chair 20) in the corner of the room
21. There is a beautiful lake 21) round the table
22. Ben Nevis is 4.406 feet 22) between these two maps
23. There was a bridge 23) under the table
24. There was a small garden 24) at the wall
25. I cant see any difference 25) near the hou

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