. , , , . . SN2 , ( ), .
, , . , , , , ,
HO-C=O O-C=O O-C=O O-C=O
H-C-Cl H+ + H-C-Cl H-C+ H-C-OH
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
D- D-
- -
D (+)
. , .
. , -. , KMnO4 .
H-C-COOH COOH COOH
H-C-COOH + O H-C H-C-OH
(KMnO4) O H-C-OH
H-C COOH
COOH
, -. , , , ,
H-C-CH H H CH3
H-C-CH3 Br-C-CH3 Br-C-CH3 Br-C-H
-2- H-C*-CH3 H-C+-CH3 H-C-Br
CH3
L-
() , , (1) (2).
, -, . .
2 , , -.
CH3 HO- CH3
H-C-H H-C-H CH3-C-H
H-C-Cl H-C---Cl -Cl- H-C-COOH
COOH COOH -H2O
- -
1 . , , . H-C--CH3 CH3-C-H
|
|
CH3 H-C-Hal H-C-COOH
H-C-H COOH -
H-C-Hal -H2O
COOH CH3-C-H CH3-C-H
H-C-Hal HOOC-C-H
COOH -
, -, , , -.