, , , .
.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
5.
6. ( ).
14
, ().
:
1) , :
) R-NH2
) R-NH-R
) R
N-R
R
2)
)
) (, ..)
,
, .
| CH3NH2 | |
| CH3-CH2-NH2 CH3-NH-CH3 | |
| CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 CH3-CH2NH-CH3 CH3 N-CH3 CH3 | |
| CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 CH3-CH-CH2-NH2 CH3 | |
| CH3-CH-CH3 NH2 |
1. - ( ) ..
(CH3-CH2-)3N H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2
2. , . .
1 2 3 4 5 6
CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3
NH2 CH3 NH2
1,5--2-
1.
CH3-I + NH3 
[CH3N+H3]I- 
CH3NH2
-NH4I
.
CH3-NH2 + CH3I CH3-NH-CH3 
CH3-N-CH3 + NH4I
-NH4I +NH3 CH3
(CH3)3N: + CH3I [(CH3)4N+]I-
( )
2. ( )
O
CH3-C + NaOCl CO2 + NaCl + CH3NH2
NH2
3. (. )
4.
CH3-C 
N + 4H CH3-CH2-NH2
. , NH3, . , , .
I. .
1) , .
CH3NH2 + HOH [CH3N+H3]OH
. , , .. .
|
|
|
| [NH4]OH | 2.10-5 |
| [CH3-N+H2]OH- | 4,4.10-4 |
| [(CH3)2N+H2]OH- | 5,5.10-4 |
| [(CH3)4N+]OH- | ( ) |
2)
C4H9-NH2 + H+O-SO2OH [C4H9N+H3]O-SO2OH
O O
CH3-NH2 + H+-O--C-CH3 [CH3-N+H3]O--C-CH3
II. , .. N 
.
1)
) , , .
C2H5
CH3NH2 + C2H5Br CH3-NH. HBr
) , . N- .
O
CH3-C O
C2H5NH2 + O C2H5NH-C-CH3 + CH3-C
CH3-C O OH
O
N-
CH3 O CH3
NH + CH3-C 
CH3-C-N
CH3 Cl O CH3
N,N-
2)
)
CH3-NH2+HO-N=O 
CH3-NH-N=O CH3-N=N-OH N2 + CH3OH
N-
)
CH3 CH3
NH + HO-N=O N=N=O
CH3 CH3
(CH3)3N + H+O-N=O [(CH3)3N+H]O--N=O
3)
Cl KOH
CH3NH2 + H-C-Cl + KOH CH3-N+ C- + 3KCl + 3H2O
Cl KOH
III.
1)
CH3NH2+O2+H2NCH3 
CH3-N=N-CH3 
2CH3N=O 2CH3NO2
2)
(CH3)2NH + O + HN(CH3)2 (CH3)2N-N(CH3)2
3)
(CH3)3N: + O: (CH3)3N+ O-
, , . (, ).
15
