-3 , . 4 , , . . 1-9 ; 10 . . 1000, . , , .
O.H-O
H3-C C-CH3
O-H.O
)
O O
R-C 
R-C + H+
O-H O-
. . , , ( ), .
HCOOH =2,14.10-4
CH3 C O H =1,75.10-5
, , =, , Cl. , . ,
Cl 
CH2 C OH =1,5.10-3
Cl
Cl C C-O-H =2,1.10-1
Cl
.. .
2) , , ,
) 2HCOOH + Mg H2 + (HCOO)2Mg
) 2H3COOH + CaO (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
) 2H5COOH + NaOH H2O + C2H5COONa
) CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
) CH3COONa + AgNO3 CH3COOAg + NaNO3
) CH3COOH + NH3 [CH3COO-]N+H4
3) ( )
)
O O
CH3-C + PCl5 CH3-C + POCl3 + HCl
OH Cl
( PCl3
SOCl2) ( )
)
O O
CH3-C + NH3 CH3-C + H2O
OH NH2
O O
CH3-C + NH3 CH3-C + HCl 
NH4Cl
Cl NH2
) (. )
O O
CH3-C CH3-C
OH O
OH 
H2O + CH3-C
CH3-C Kat O
O
, .
O O
CH3-C CH3-C
ONa NaCl + O
Cl CH3-C
CH3-C O
O
5) 2.
. .
O
CH3-C + NaOH Na2CO3 + CH4 
ONa
6) .
, , .
|
|
|
O O
H-C + O HO-C-OH CO2 + H2O
H
7) .
O O
CH3-C + Cl2 ClCH2-C
OH OH
12
