, . , .. , .
1. ( );
2. (- );
3. (, , );
4. (-, -, - ).
- ( )
3Cl
3I
25Br
(3)3I ..
2Cl2
CHCl3 ( )
CCl4
CH3-CHCl2
CH2Cl-CH2Cl ..
3-2-2-2-Cl (1)
3--2-3 (2)
Cl
3--2-Cl (3)
3
3
3--Cl (4)
3
(1,3) -
(1,2), (3,4)
- - (IUPAC), . (). , (IUPAC). , , ( ).
1 2 3 4 5
3- - 2- - 3 2--4-
Br 3
1. (. ). , , .
2. hal (. ).
3. Hal ( ):
)
3 + HCl 
2 + 3Cl
)
Cl Cl Cl Cl
25 + PCl5 
C25l + P -l P + HCl
Cl Cl O Cl
3(C3)3 + PBr3 3(CH3)3CBr + P(OH)3
, PCl3 , ,
Cl HOCH3 OCH3
P-Cl + HOCH3 3HCl + P-OCH3
Cl HOCH3 OCH3
) :
Cl HO
23 + S=O 2CH3Cl + S=O SO2 + H2O
Cl HO
4.
Cl
3--3 + PCl5 C3--3 + POCl3
|
|
|
O Cl
2,2-
5.
O
3-2- + Br2 C3-2-Br + C2 + AgBr
Og
6. , 
- :
3-- 3--
-.
) 3-- + 3I2 + 3 3KI + 3H2O + CI3-C-H 
CHI3 + KO-C-H
7. ( )
. , .
C-Hal. -Hal I F, , , , .. F , I , - .
-Hal .
.
H H
+ 
/// + // + / -
Cl
H H
-.
.
+ />+ //>+ ///
-, . , , , .. - . 4-5 .
1. , , , .
:
1-4 3F-C4H9F
1-2 3l-C2H5Cl
1 3Br
1-2
. .
2. , , - = (.. ). , , I3 4,0, I4 4,3.
3. .
4. , , , .
| .,0 | ||
| 25Br | ||
| n-C7H16 | ||
| C2H5OH |
, :
) (, );
) ( 12 - l2F2, 22 - HClF2).
, -Hal. . .
|
|
|
+ -
Hal , ( ) .
