1. ( 5-15) . . 2 4 ; 5 16 ; 17 .
. , ;
. - , -;
. .
2. . - .
3. , (.. ).
d204C5H12 = 0,626 d204C5H10 = 0,641
4. , , . . , , CuCl ( ).
5. . , .
6. (1670 1560 -1 100 830 -1). - 180-200 .
.
1) : d- p-. p- d- . p- . .
2) , .
3) p- . .
1. 2=2 + 2 Ni, Pt, Pd 3-3. . :
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
: Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, d-, . - ; . .
2 2
| Ni |
, , ( ), . . . (.. ).
|
|
|
2. .
F2 ;
Cl FeCl3;
Br2 ;
I .
, .
. Brd+ 
Brd- 2. p- d-.
CH2=CH2 + Brd+ Brd- CH2=CH2 CH2-CH2 + Br CH2-CH2
Brd+ Brd- Br Br Br
p- d- 1, 2-
p- p- , d- p- d-. . . , .
.
: Cl2 
2Cl
: CH2=CH2 + Cl. 
CH2-CH2.
Cl
CH2-CH2. + Cl2 CH2-CH2 + Cl.
Cl Cl Cl
: CH2-CH2. + Cl. CH2-CH2
Cl Cl Cl
3.
l HI, .. . F , . . HCl H++ Cl-.
+ p- ( p-),
d- + p- ( d-),
CH2=CH2 + H+ CH2=CH2 CH3-CH2+ 
CH3CH2Cl
H+
- 
-
()
.
- 2=-, + . : ( ) ( p- ).
: 3, 25 .. ,
H
H
p- .
:
CH2 
-= + 3
2; .
CH2 -= H3 + H+ CH3-CH+-CH3 
CH3-CH-CH3
Cl
, : .
. .
HO: OH 2HO
HO. + HBr H2O + Br
Br. + CH2=CH-CH3 CH2Br-CH.-CH3 (1)
CH2.-CHBr-CH3 (2)
(1) , .. - - .
|
|
|
H2Br-CH.-CH3 + HBr CH2Br-CH2-CH3 + Br
, .
1. :
R3C:H + Br+ HBr + R3C+
CH2=CH2 + Br+ CH2+-CH2Br
2.
CH3 C+ CH3 > CH3 CH+ CH3 > CH3 CH2+
CH3
, .
3. .
) : R+ + A- RA
) ( 2- :
CH3-C+-CH2-CH3 
CH3-C=CH-CH3 + HA
CH3 CH3
2--2-
) :
R+ + CH2=CH2 R-CH2-CH2+
.
4. 2SO4 , .. , .
HOSO2OH 
H+ + O-SO2OH
CH2 -=CH CH3 + H+ CH3 CH+ CH3 
CH3-CH-CH3
OSO2OH
,
2SO4 , , .. .
, 2=2 () 2SO4; 2=-3 () 78% ; 2=-3 () 65% . 3
5. .
H2 -=CH + CH3 + H+OH 
CH3-CHOH-CH3
6. . (2 ).
Cl: Cl + Na+OH- NaCl + HO-Cl+
HO-Cl+ + CH3 CH +=CH2 - CH3-CH-CH2
OH Cl
p- . :
1. p-.
) KMnO4
H2=CH2 + O CH2-CH2 + HOH CH2-CH2
(KMnO4) O OH OH
+H2O
) ( ) .
O
H2=CH2 + C6H5-C-O-OH CH2-CH2 + C6H5C
O O OH
2. , :
KMnO4 + H2SO4;
O O
CH3-C=CH-CH3 + 3O 
CH3-C + CH3-C
CH3 CH3 OH
2--2-
3. 3.
.
O-O-O O O CH3
H2=C-CH3 + O3 CH2-C-CH3 CH2 C
CH3 CH3 O CH3
, ,
O-O-O O O
CH2-C-CH3 + H2O H2O2 + CH2 + C-CH3
CH3 CH3
.
, . :
1. (H2SO4, AlCl3), , , .., .
CH3 C=CH2 - + H+O-SO2OH CH3-C+-CH3 + CH2 -=C CH3
CH3 . CH3 H3
|
|
|
H3 CH3 CH3
CH3-C-CH2-C+-CH3 CH3-C-CH=C-CH3 
H3-C-CH2-CH-CH3
CH3 CH3 -H+ CH3 CH3 H2 CH3 CH3
( 100)
, .. .
2. . , .. . .
nR1-CH=CH-R2 (-CH-CH-)n
R1 R2
n , . . . ( n ) . -, .
- ( 1933 .).
NCH2=CH2 + 0,1% O2 
(-CH2-CH2-)n
190-2100C
. , R, :
R. + CH2=CH2 R-CH2-CH2. 
R-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2.
..
. . *. .
NCH2=CH2 
(-CH2-CH2-)n
R=1-10
T0=-70+150C
. -Al .
- +
+CH2=CH
CH3
(25)Al+ C2-H5 + C -H2=C +H (C2H5)2Al+-CH2--CH-C2H5
CH3 CH3
(C2H5)2Al-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-C2H5
CH3 CH3
, , () , .
. , . .
, , , 3-4 . , .. , , . , l4.
R. + CCl4 RCl + .CCl3 . CCl3 + CH2=CH2. CCl3-CH2-CH2.
CCl3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2.
CCl3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2. 
.CCl3 + CCl-(CH2-CH2)3-Cl
