, , , , , , . , , : , , . .
:
(1.16)
- - ; - ; - , .
- , [3].
, (1.16) , , .
. 1.7 ( ) p-v T-s p = idem. , .
- - h. (1.2) (1.3) WT WK ( ):
(1.17)
WK = (1.18)
h h - .
, :
(1.19)
(1.20)
(1.17) - ():
(1.21)
,
(1.22)
- [2]:
(1.23)
(1.24)
(1.25)
hm :
(1.26)
, (1.23) q, t, , , pk.
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, h = h (t) - n = 1 -l = n (t) (t). . 1.8 q = 4: ), ),(h = h = 0,85) , ),(h = h = 0,85; x1 = 1; x2 = 0,9).
. 1.8 , n = 1- l t . h . n = 0 = 0 t = q. ( ) , n = n (t) , , n = 0 t, = 0. h . h = h (t) t ).
n = 1 - l. n, . , , l = 0,6-0,7, , x2 1% 2,5-3%, .
, h = h (pk) , . ( , , ..).
- , ():
1. (, )
DN = DpVh-1 10-3,
2. ( )
DN. = DpVh 10-3 ,
D, D - , (1 ... 10 ); V, V - , 3/; h h .
[2]:
(1.27)
he = he (pk) : t =1, l = 1, .. t = xh2mq ( 1.24). , (1.27) .
, , (tz = T3 / T41) - (t = 21 / 1) [ 17 ]:
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(1. 28)
(1.29)
- -, ( ) (, , ); * - () ():
= /v (1. 30)
(1.30) , ( , ). , (* < ), ( * > ).
(1.29) , , , , . . 0, 90-0,93; 0,95-0,97. (. 1. 9). . 1.9 -750-6 .
. 1.9, , , .
( , ):
(1.31)
:
(1.32)
(1.32) ( , ).
() (. 1.10):
(1.33)
(1.34)
(.1.10) () - .
() :
(1.35)
(1. 36)
1 2 .
, , , ( ) ( ).
, , , .
, . 1.11, , , .
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, (1.31) . [ 12 ]:
(1.37)
(1.37) , , :
(1.38)
. , , :
(1.39)
q , :
(1.40)
t3 ( ); t21- ( ); - , .
, (1.39) :
(1.41)
(1.39) (1.41) , , , :
(1.42)
, , . , :
(1.43)
, (1.43) :
(1.44)
(1.43) (1.44), :
(1.45)
- () .
, , 0,01, = 0,67, (1.45) , 3%; = 0,60 2,5% .. , , .
:
(1.46)
, , , (. 1.12).
(1, 3 3/1).
, (), - . (. 1.8) , 3 1 , , .
1.3. - () : , t1 = +15 0C; , t3 = 800 0C; , = 0,85; ; , , , ; , 1- m =0,05. m , , ; = 0,95; , = 0,80.
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[3]. (1.10) :
, :
() ( ):
(1.11) , :