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| ң ө ү | Allele each of two or more alternative forms of the same gene | |
| ( ), | ғғ ң қ ғ қ қ ң (қ ң) ғ | Genotype aggregate number of genes in diploid set of chromosomes in organism |
| , | қ қ ғң қ ң ғ | Phenotype single or aggregate number of external signs, controlling by genes |
| () | қ қ ғ ң (ң) ә қ ң ө | Dominance expression of allele and trait controlled by allele in heterozygous state |
| (=) | қ қ ң қ қ ө (=) | Complete dominance dominant gene completely inhibits recessive gene (=) |
| () | қ ң ө ң ә () | Incomplete dominance recessive gene has an impact on the phenotypic expression of a dominant gene () |
| қ қ ғ ң ө | Co-dominance cooperative phenotypic expression of two dominant alleles in heterozygotes |
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