Поиск:

Farther/farthest & further/furthest

⇐ Предыдущая 15 16 17 18 19 20 212223 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Следующая ⇒

both can be used of distances

York is farther/further than Selby.

Further can be used with abstract nouns to mean ‘additional/extra’

Further discussion/debate would be pointless.

Similarly: further enquires/delays/demands/information/ instructions.

elder, eldest imply seniority rather than age. They are used for comparison within a family:

my elder brother

But! Elder is not used with than, so we use older: He’s older than I am.

We use eldest for people only, but oldest we use for both people & things.

Before the comparative we should use a bit, a little, slightly, much, a lot, far:

English is a bit/ a little/ slightly/ much/ a lot/ far ~~more~~ easier than German.

Constructions with comparisons

Positive form => ‘+’ as … as; ‘-‘ not as/not so … as.

He was as white as a sheet.

Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.

The new building is twice as high as the old one. – в 2 раза выше

Comparative form => than.

He’s stronger than I expected = I didn’t expect him to be so strong.

Superlative form => the … in/of:

This is the oldest theatre in London.

Superlative form + present perfect:

This is the worst film I have ever seen.

Note! most+adjective without the means very:

You’re most kind = You’re very kind.

the + comparative… the + comparative:

The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us to heat it.

Comparatives joined by and:

The weather is getting colder and colder.

like + noun & as + noun:

He worked like a slave. (very hard indeed)

He worked as a slave. (He was a slave)

than/as + pronoun+auxiliary

I earn less than he does. (=less than he earns)

than/as+I/we/you+verb = omit the verb.

I’m not as old as you (are).

than/as is followed by he/she/it + verb, we normally keep the verb: You’re stronger than he is.

But we can drop the verb and use him/her/them:

I swim better a him.

Adjectives + one/ones

One/ones = previously mentioned noun:

I lost my old camera; this is a new one.

first/second can be used with or without one/ones:

Which train did you catch? ~ I caught the first (one).

Adjectives of colour can sometimes be used as

pronouns:

I like the blue (one) best.

‘ as …as… ’ with ‘ twice ’, ‘ three times ’, etc., ‘ half ’, ‘ a third ’, etc.:

Japan’s car exports are twice as high as Britain’s. Rice-growing is only half as important as it used to be.

Note Present and Past Participles can be used as adjectives: Present Participles describe the quality of a noun / annoying behaviour / (what kind of behaviour)

Past Participles describe how the subject feels / annoyed teacher / (How does the teacher feel)

Proverbs & Sayings

As dumb as a wooden Indian

As easy as ABC

As silent as a grave

As fit as a fiddle

As white as a sheet

As stubborn as a mule

Дурний, як пробка

Простіше простого

Німий, як могила

При повному здоров'ї

Білий, як крейда

Упертий, як осел

As old as the hills

Like bull in a China shop

To sleep like a log

To smoke like a chimney

To sell like hot cakes

Старе, як світ.

Як слон у посудній лавці

Спати, як убитий

Диміти, як труба

Бути нарозхват

The best is the enemy of the good. (Walter Scott)

It’s much easier to be critical than to be correct. (Disraeli)

The Adverb

Adverb is a part of speech which describes verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or the whole sentence.

Formation

Adverbs are formed with adjectives + -ly: quick – quickly, calm – calmly

Adj. ending in consonant + -y → -ily: sleep – sleepily, weary – wearily

Adj. ending in –le drop –le & add –ly: irritable – irritably, reliable – reliably

Adj. ending in –e add –ly: false – falsely, BUT: whole – wholly, true – truly

Adj. ending in –ly (cowardly, elderly, fatherly, friendly, lively, lonely, motherly, silly, ugly etc) form their adv. with – in a(n) … way (manner): in a motherly manner, in a lively way etc.

Semantic classification

Kinds of adverbs

Position

Example

Manner (bravely, happily, fast, hard, well, beautifully, reluctantly, suspiciously, carefully, angrily, secretly, foolishly, badly, somehow)

After the verb or the object where there is one

The short obj.:V+obj.+adv.

The long obj.: V+adv.+obj.

Foolishly, kindly, stupidly,…+V

She danced beautifully. They speak E. well.

He looked suspiciously at everyone.

She carefully picked up all the bits of glass.

I foolishly forgot my passport.

Place (by, down, here, near, there, up, away, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere)

After the verb if there is no object

V+obj./V+prep.+obj.

Here/there + be/come/go +noun subj.

Away/down/in/off/out …+V of motion+noun subj.

She went away. Bill is upstairs.

She sent him away.

Here comes the train.

Away went the runners.

Out sprang the cuckoo.

Time (now, soon, still, then, today, tomorrow, yet, afterwards, eventually, lately, recently, at one, since then, till)

At the beginning/end of the clause

With compound tenses – after the auxiliary

V/ V+obj.+ yet/still

Be+still +other verbs

Just – with compound sentences

Eventually he came/ He came eventually.

We will soon be there.

He hasn’t finished his dinner yet.

He is still in bed.

I’m just coming.

Frequency (always, usually, often, periodically, repeatedly, occasionally, hardly ever, rarely, seldom, never)

After the simple tenses of to be

Before the simple tenses of all other verbs

With compound tenses – after the 1^st auxiliary, with interrogative V. – after aux.+subj.

He is always in time for meals.

They sometimes stay up all night.

He can never understand.

Have you ever ridden a camel?

Degree (fairly, hardly, quite, too, very, absolutely, almost, completely, only, rather)

Before the adj. or adv.

Enough follows its adj. or adv.

Far requires a comparative/ too+positive

You are absolutely right.

The box isn’t big enough.

It is far better to say anything.

Sentence (certainly, definitely, luckily, actually, apparently, clearly, evidently, obviously, presumably, probably, undoubtedly, perhaps, possibly, sure)

Be+actually/apparently/certainly/clearly etc.

Before simple tenses of other verbs

After the 1^st auxiliary in a compound verb

At the beginning/end of a sentence/ clause

He is certainly intelligent.

They actually work hard.

They have presumably sold their house.

Apparently he knew the town well.

Interrogative (when?, where?, why?)

At the beginning of a sentence

Where have you been?

Relative (when, where, why)

Before the obj.

I want to know where he is.

Morphological classification - degrees of comparison of some adverbs.

Single-syllable adv. & early add – er,-est: hard-harder-hardest, early-earlier-earliest

Adv. of 2 or more syllables – more,most +the positive form: quickly-more quickly-most quickly

Irregular comparisons: well-better-best, badly-worse-worst, little-less-least, much-more-most, far-further-furthest/farther-farthest.

⇐ Предыдущая 15 16 17 18 19 20 212223 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Следующая ⇒

Поделиться с друзьями:

Дата добавления: 2018-11-10; Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!; просмотров: 480 | Нарушение авторских прав

Поиск на сайте:

Лучшие изречения:

Человек, которым вам суждено стать – это только тот человек, которым вы сами решите стать. © Ральф Уолдо Эмерсон
==> читать все изречения...

2308 -

| 2158 -