. , . .
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"" , . . , . , , , . , , . , , , , , .
: , , , .
- . , .
(The Object) , , : whom? ? what? ? to whom? ? by whom? ? about what? ? . .
. ( ? ?). , (? ?), (? ?), (? ?), (? ?) ( ? ?) . :
He showed me a nice kitten.
: He showed a nice kitten to me.
(The Attribute) . -. , . , .
(The Adverbial Modifier) . , , , ( ). , , .
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. , :
. It is dark.
. There is a newspaper on the table.
, , , .
It is, It , is .
It is cold. .
there is / there are , - . :
There are many English books in his library. .
"to be" , .
There is a dictionary and some books on the shelf. .
There are flowers and a box of chocolates on the table. .
There was nobody in the room. .
There will be great celebrations in September. .