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Practice reading the words.




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Social and Professional Communication in English: . -: ..., .. : , 2012 188 .

 

ISBN 0-00000-000-0

 

Social and Professional Communicationin English,.

 

811.111(075)

81.2 -9

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ISBN 0-00000-000-0 .. , 2012

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Content

..................................................................................... 1

UNIT I PHONETICS

UNIT II GRAMMAR.. 20

Pronouns. 21

Nouns 29

Word order 37

Adjectives 48

The Verb 51

The Simple tenses 54

The Continuous tenses. 62

The Perfect tenses. 67

Sequence of tenses 75

Direct and indirect speech. 80

Active and passive voices 85

Modal verbs and their equivalents. 93

Conditional clauses . 102

The Infinitive . 108

The Gerund . 112

GRAMMAR REVISION.. 119

UNIT III SOCIAL COMMUNICATION.. 137

Section I Family relations. 137

British Customs and traditions. 142

American social customs. 145

Section II Higher education. 149

Higher education in Great Britain. 150

American institutions of higher education. 154

Education system in Russia. 159

UNIT IV PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION.. 162

Section I My Working Day. 163

Section II How to Get a Good Job. 167

Section III Professional Written Communication. 173

 


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40-50 250 . (, , ) (, , ). : , .

: Phonetics, Grammar, Social Communication, Professional Communication.

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: Social Communication Professional Communication, . Unit , : , , , , , . - , .

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UNIT I

PHONETICS


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[ f ] five [ d ] do
[ v ] very [ k ] key
[ θ ] thick [ g ] gas
[ ð ] this [ tʃ ] chin
[ s ] so [ dʒ ] Jim
[ z ] zoo [ m ] mother
[ ʃ ] ship [ n ] no
[ ʒ ] pleasure [ ŋ ] long
[ h ] horse [ l ] less
[ p ] park [ r ] river
[ b ] book [ j ] yellow
[ t ] tea [ w ] white

[ i: ] eat [ ei ] lake
[ i ] it [ ai ] like
[ e ] pen [ au ] house
[ æ ] bad [ ɔi ] boy
[ a: ] art [ ou ] home
[ ɔ ] box [ iə ] ear
[ ʌ ] cup [ ɛə ] air
[ u ] cook [ uə ] poor
[ u: ] school [ juə ] Europe
[ ju: ] tune [ aiə ] fire
[ ə: ] girl [ auə ] hour
[ ə ] paper [ ɔ: ] all

b [b]   bus, but, about, better, by, butter, book, bed, bag, bad
bt [t] debt, doubt
c [s] , i, face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre
  [k] cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock
  [ʃ] ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial
[ks] , i, accept, success, accent, accident
c [k]   occur, accord, accomplish, accumulate, occupy
ch tch [ʧ]   chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, watch, kitchen, catch

Ch

[k] school, architect, chemistry, character, archiology, technical
[ʃ] machine, machinery, machinist
ck [k]   black, sick, back, pack, neck, check

d

[d]   date, made, end, decide, old
[-] grandmother, handsome, handkerchief
dg [ʤ]   bridge, knowledge, judge, siedge
f [f]   five, if, finish, face, family
ften [fn]   often, soften

g

[ʤ] , i, page, change, gymnasium, stage
[g] go, get, green, grey, grow

Gh

[-] ei, u, au t weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter
[f] u, u laugh, enough, cough
gn [n] foreign, sign, campaign

h

[h]   he, his, here, have, home, hundred
[-] hour, honour, honest, exhibition
j [ʤ]   just, major, object, subject
k [k]   kill, keep, Mike, kitchen, like
kn [n] know, knee, knife, knock

l

[l]   lake, late, light, listen, leg
[-] aim, alf, alk talk, calm, half, chalk
m [m]   miss, meal, seem, team, home
mb mn [m] climb, bomb autumn, column
n [n]   never, number, nobody, next, notice
ng [ŋ] sing, song, interesting, thing
nk [ŋk]   drink, bank, ink, tank, thank pink
p [p]   pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top
ph [f] phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase

Qu

 

[kw]   queen, question, quick, quite, queue
[k] unique, technique
[r]   red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip

s

 

[s]     [ʃ] see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop, maps, cats, books, hats, caps sugar, sure
[z] pens, bags, days, girls, boys these, cheese, please, nose, rose

Ss

 

[s]   class, pass, success, kiss, miss
[ʃ] ia, io Russian, Belorussian
ssion [n]   session, discussion, commission
sion [ʒn] decision, conclusion, revision, invasion
sure [ʒə]   pleasure, treasure, leisure, measure
sh [ʃ ]   she, ship, fish, short
sc [s] , i, science, scientist, scene, scenery
sten [sn]   listen, fasten
stle [sl]   whistle, wrestling
t [t]   ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth

Th

[ð]   this, those, with, without, weather
[θ]     thing, thank, three, tooth  
tion [ʃn ]   demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention
ture [ʧə]   picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture
v [v]   live, leave, voice, move, vase
w [w]   win, want, water, wind, twins

Wh

[w]   when, where, why, what, which, white, whisper, while
[h]   who, whose, whom, whose, whole
wr [r]   wrong, write, writer, wrestling

[ei] [æ] i place, came, later   habit, rabit, vanish [æ] have,atom [e] any, many
[æ] land, fact, carry [a:] example
[ɔː i , m, f also, talk, salt [æ] rally, shall
[ɑ:] n answer, France, cant, chance, demand  
[ɑ:] [ei] s, f ste, nge class, draft, ask, last taste, danger, change [æ] classic, mass, passive
[ɑ:] th father, path, rather [æ] gather
[ɔ:] w, qu r water, quarter, war [ei] wage, wake, wane
[ɔ]   was, want [æ] wag, wax
ai, ay [ei]   aim, aid, may, day [e] says, said
air [ɛə]   air, pair, chair  
al [ɑː] f, m calm, palm, half  

Ar

[ɑ:] car, part, garden  
[ɛə] care, careful [ɑ:] are
au, aw [ɔː]   cause, law, pause [ɑ:] aunt
au [ɑ:] gh(t) laugh  
augh [ɔː] t daughter  

e

[i:] we, Pete, eve [e] very, edit, medal
[e] get, settle, fell, egg  

 

[i:] d, th tea, peace, meat [e] deaf, heavy, peasant, weapon [ei] break, great
[e] d, th, lth bread, breath, dead, death, head, health [ɪə] idea, real [i:] beneath, breath

Ear

[ɪə]   clear, hear, near  
[ɜː] earth, heard, learn [ɑ:] heart [ɪə] beard
[i:]   green, free  
[ɪə]   deer, engineer  
ei [i:] , s ceiling, conceive  
, ei [ei]   convey, grey, they, obey, vein [i:] key
eigh [ei]   eight, neighbour [ai] freight, height
er [ɜː] term, person, emerge [ɑ:] clerk
er [ɪə] here, tear, serious [ɜː]were [ɛə] there, where
eu, ew [ju:]   Europe, feud, new  

i

 

[ai] fine, life, time [ɪ] give, live
[ɪ] sit, little, written  
[ɪ] i civil, city, limit [ai] tiny
[ai] ld, nd bind, find, child, wild [ɪ] wind ()
[ɪ] machine, police, prestige, regime  
[-] u cruise, fruit, juice [ aɪ ] guide, [ɪ] guilty
ie [ɪ:] achieve, brief, chief [e] friend
i g(h) [aɪ]   sigh, high, night  

Ir

 

[ɜː] shirt, bird, firm  
[aɪə] (ire) fire, tired  

[ou] no, note, home, open [u:] do, move [ɔ] gone, body
[ɔ] hot, bottom, horror  
[ou] l old, cold, folk, told  
[ʌ] m, n, v, w, th another, above, among, brother, come, done, govern, London, Monday, month, none, won  
[ou] st most, post [ɔ] cost, frost
[ou]   boat, coat, float [ɔː] broad
[ɔː]   board, coarse, hoarse  
oi, [ɔɪ]   boil, soil, boy, enjoy  

[u] k book, look, cook  
[u:] i, m, n too, tool, moon, soon  
[uə]   moor, poor  

[ɔː] for, order, port, morning  
[ɜː] w word, work, world [ɔː] worn
ou, ow [au]   round, sound, now  
ou [ʌ]   , double, country, couple, courage    
  [u:]   group, rouble, soup  

Ou

[ʌ] gh enough, rough, tough [au] plough [ou] though
[ou] 1 poultry, shoulder  
ough [ɔː] t bought, brought  
our, ower [auə]   our, power  

Ow

[au] down, now, town  
[ou] grow, know, low  

u

[ju:] use, student, music, future [ɪ] busy, [ʌ] study
[u:] j, l, r June, include, rule, true  
[ʌ] bus, subject, current  
[u] b, f, bullet, bush, full, pull, push, put  
ue [(j)u:] blue, clue, due  

Ui

[ju:]   suit suite [swi:t] [-] guide, guilty [ju:i] suicide, tuition
[u:] j, i, r cruise, fruit, juice [uɪ] ruin, fluid

Ur

[ɜː]   burn, curl, turn  
[juə]   pure, cure  
[uə] sure, surely [e] bury
u [-] g guarantee, guard, guess, guide, guilty  

Y

[aɪ] by, type, cycle  
[ɪ] myth, system  
[j]   yoke, beyond
yr [ɜː] Myrch, myrtle  
  aɪə tyrant, tyre    

 

PRACTICE

Exercise 1.

Practice reading the words.

  [eɪ] [æ] [ɑː] [ɛə] [ɛə] [au] [ʌ] [ə]

Aa

late tram hard share ago
name map dark rare about
game stand start care sofa
plane plan party compare above
fate factory farm prepare legal

Ee

[ɪ:] [e] [ɜː] [ɪə] [ɪ] [e]
she get her here begin
we egg term mere return
be fell verb sphere ticket
week let serve material sister
repeat ten person period absent
Ii/Yy [aɪ] [ɪ] [ɜː] [aɪə] [ɪ]
  time ill sir fire engine
  type wish bird lyre sorry
  my milk girl hire family
  fly system dirty tired music
  fine syntax Bym satire public
  [ju:] ʌ] ɜː] [juə] [ə]

Uu

use under burn pure success
student fun burst cure difficult
union uncle turkey during upon
human butter return curious product
pupil supper furniture secure cucumber
Oo [əu] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [əu]
  home not nor more tomato
  hope clock North shore photo
  note fond sport explore metro
  nose dog lord before negro
  smoke shop short store zero

Exercise 2.





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