1. :
- :
Long live the Queen! !
If only it were possible! !
- :
Be it so! !
Suffice it to say that... , ...
Far be it from me to contradict you .
2. :
- ,
The world would be healthier if every chemist's shop in England were demolished
,
- ,
If you had checked the results properly at that point of your research you would not have found yourself in such awkward situation at yesterday's conference
, ,
-
If you had checked the results properly at that point of your research you wouldn't have to rewrite it all now (it would be almost ready now)
, .( )
: if, in case, provided, suppose, unless, -
Suppose these data were collected without any technologies applied, would it be possible to check them properly?
, , ?
It could be done provided he consented to conduct this experiment
, .
- had, were, could, should
Had it remained unchanged, we wouldn't have to alter it now = If it had remained...
Should it come this way, I will be ready to give it up = If it comes this way..
This file could be easily transferred were it not that corrupted =...if it were not that corrupted
- , ,
He opened the lab door quietly so that he might not disturb them - ,
Whatever obstacles may arise we shall not give in - ,
-
I wished I had done it more thoroughly - ,
He wishes you would stay away from it - ,
She fears lest she should be blamed - ,
He ordered that everything should be done on time - ,
The people demand that the resignation be accepted - ,
-
It is time we prepared a report -
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EXERCISES
1. Oh, if only you were as you used to be.
2. I wish you would turn the radio down.
3. It's desirable that the issue should be settled as soon as possible.
4. He asked me to stay with him so that he could read his condlusions to me when they were finished.
5. He feared that after twenty years he would not find his way to that deserted place
6. We knew very well what the reason was, but wanted to act as though we had no idea of it.
7. He insisted that people in plays should talk as they talked in real life.
8. I wish I had seen more of them before the war.
9. Now if I got this programmer sacked, this of course would mean telling everybody what he did.
10. "I'm afraid I can't stay," I said. "If I stayed I would have to tell things that they would not like and that could spoil their fun."
11. It was agreed that Paul would meet the delegation at the station so that he would show them their apartments.
12. I would not tell you anything even if I could remember the facts.
13. It would help if you let me know what you saw.
14. I know I've broken your plans. And you might have been so successful with it.
15. He was afraid that he would forget the title of the article and asked me to put it down for him.
16. He was not well off and he went about in dread lest he should be
17. I wish I had a lot of money. I would not live another day in here.
18. In my reply to Miss Evans I suggested that she should arrive at my office on Monday.
19. Edward proposed that he fetched Bates at five so that they would drive out together to Jack's house.
20. It would make small difference to the universe if I never existed.
21. There were moments when she wished she had never started that talk.
, , , . (Modal Verbs) , :
1) , : , , .. (. ).
2) ( ).
3) .
4) to
Must , , ;
Everybody must do it. Everybody must be given it. He must have answered all questions.
must to have , , to be to
everybody had to do it
has to do it
will have to do it
is to do it
was to do it
must .
Must he do it? No, he neednt
Must ,
To have to , ,
be to , ..
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I must leave now - Im visiting my friend who is at hospital.
I have to leave now - my boss is waiting for me to print the documents.
I am to leave the office at 5 p.m. and not earlier.
Can (. ) ; could (.) - ( , )
Students can translate this text without a dictionary - (Students can't translate this text without a dictionary.)
Can I take this postcard?
We could find this site on the Web. I could have completed my report yesterday.
can to be able to , :
I can do this work but now I am not able to.
He could swim when he was 7. He was not able to swim because of his broken leg.
to be able to:
Next week we will be able to go hiking.
May (..) might (. .) , (, )
We may be late for the lesson.
might ; might .
:
We might get in touch with them quickly. .
He asked if he might come the next day. , .
may to be allowed to x . , may, . might .
He may come ,
Tell him, he may come - , ( )
He is allowed to come -
He was allowed to come -
He will be allowed to come -
He might come , , ( )
He might have come , , .
should , ought to
, ought to , to.
This device ought to be repaired.
, to be, to have . ? to be, to have ( ) to, , .. must.
: to be, : task, problem, aim, etc. to be
Our task is to get the best characteristic.
EXERCISES
VIII A-1. , must
| had worked out | has to be worked out | am reading |
| was to read | will have to produce | has to tell |
| are producing | will have read | had to come |
| am to be given |
VIII A-3. oe: :
1.We shall have to work out an experiment in which we shall be able to keep the particles in plasma.
2. You ought to know that the term equilibria applies equally well to many physical phenomena.
3. We are to consider all advantages nd disadvantages of this proposal.
4. They had to resort to more rigid terms.
5. Engineers may take certain steps to reduce tension.
6. We can take into consideration the law of conservation of energy.
7. He is to graduate from the University with Honours.
VIII A-4. , .
1. This library is to serve some specific group of people.
2. Some specific groups of people are to be served by this library.
3. Special libraries must have limitation in subject scope.
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4. Special libraries must be limited in subject scope.
5. Your report has to take into consideration the proposed option.
6. Your report has to be taken into consideration while proposing new option.
7. Professional libraries can present the exhaustive data on the inquired problem.
8. Professional librarians can be and must be present in a special library.
9. The typical special library may be visualized as a small one in staff size.
10. An organization may maintain a collection of materials needed by its employees.
VIII A-5. , :
1.This researcher can borrow these books tomorrow. 2. He may be at the lab now. 3. I needn't check up the results. 4. I'm sure we can come to an agreement on this problem. 5. May I take these books with me? 6. Can you put it down for me? 7. You mustn't bring up any of your conclusions until you get these data checked twice. 8. Does he need to write a thesis? 9. There is no sense in this statement. It must have been made by some dilettante. 10. How dare you speak to me like that? 11. Im sure you can complete this experiment on your own. 12. You may come in and wait here. 13. Must I reload this time? 14. Need you report it in detail? Skip a bit. 15. If we start earlier we can still find the mistake. 16. I daren't tell him the whole truth. 17. Do you know where the system operator is? - I'm not sure, she may be in the library. 18. You needn't give the answer now, take time to think it over. 19. He must feel on top of the world after that he has been awarded for that book. 20. Well, can we start our discussion now? 21. I must finish this work today. 22. How dare you shout at me.
(Non-finite Forms and their Simple functions in Sentence)
, - , . .
- , , .
- , , : , , , .
- , : , . . , 3 :
A. to (to work/to take)
B. I - -ing- (working/taking)
C. II - 3- ; . -ed: - (worked/taken).
, , . .
