, , .
G = (X, U) , xi Î X U . U m u, [0, 1]. m (u) u U. , m u () , Î 0 1, G .
. , . , , , .
= (X, ) , X = { xi }, i Î I = {1, 2,..., n } , = {< m U( i, k)/( i, k)>} , i, k Î , m U( i, k) m U ( i, k).
, R x = || rik || n, rik = m U( i, k).
, .
. , = {< m x (x)/ x >}, x Î .
= (, ) , = {< m x (x)/ x >}, x Î , | | = n, = {< m U( i, k)/( i, k)>}, i, k Î X, X .
1. , . 15.15, .
. 15 1.15, 8 15 : |X| = 8; |U| =15, U = È Ç : = { u 1, u 4, u 6, u 10, u 12, u 14}; = { u 2, u 3, u 5, u 7, u 9, u 13}; = { u 8, u 11, u 15}.
2. , 4.
: , , . 15.16.
. 15.16.
3. G = (X, U) (. 15.17) . .
. 15.17. G
: , . 15.17, : |X| = 7; X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7}; = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7}; x 1 = { x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 7}; x 2 = { x 1, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7}; x 3 = { x 1, x 2, x 5, x 6, x 7}; x 4 = { x 1, x 2}; x 5 = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 6}; x 6 = { x 2, x 3, x 5}; x 7 = { x 1, x 2, x 3}.
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, . xn -1 ─ xi -1 i, xi.
: x 1 = { x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 7}; x 2 = { x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7}; x 3 = { x 5, x 6, x 7}; x 4 = Æ; x 5 = { x 6}; x 6 = Æ; x 7 = Æ.
, . 15.17, ( ).
.
R:
.
, . 15.17, ─ . ipq 1, p - q - . , , . 15.17, :
.
4. , , . 15.17.
.15.18. G G, G x 2, x 3 .
.15.19. G = (X, U), G: |X| = 7, |U| = 8.
.15.20. = K \ G G.
. 15.18. G
.15.19. G
.15.20. G
5. G, . 15.21 ), GS.
. 15.21. ) G
: () GS = (U, V) G = (X, U). GS G ui Î U G ui Î U GS. G 8 , , Gs 8 .
(ui, uj) vk = (ui, uj), ui, uj G. GS u 1, , u 2, u 3, u 4, u 7, u 8, G (x 1 x 3). Gs.
: GS ( 15.21 ).
. 15.21. ) GS
6. = (X, ), X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a = {<0,3/( 1, 1)>, <0,7/( 1, 2)>, <1/( 1, 5)>, <0,6/( 2, 4)>, <0,4/( 2, 5)>, <0,9/( 3, 4)>, <0,8/( 3, 3)>}.
: . 15.22.
. 1522.
7. = (X, ), 1.
: R x 1 , 1, :
x 1 | x 2 | x 3 | x 4 | x 5 | |||
R x 1 = | x 1 | 0,3 | 0,7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | . |
x 2 | 0,7 | 0 | 0 | 0,6 | 0,4 | ||
x 3 | 0 | 0 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 0 | ||
x 4 | 0 | 0,6 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | ||
x 5 | 1 | 0,4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8. .
: = (, ), = {<1/ x 1>,<0,4/ x 2>,<0,7/ 3>,<0,5/ x 4>, <0,9/ 5>}, = {<0,3/( 1, 1)>, <0,7/( 1, 2)>, <1/( 1, 5)>, <0,6/( 2, 4)>.<0,4/( 2, 5)>, <0,9/( 3, 4)>, <0,8/( 3, 3)>}.
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