─ .
. . 16.1 , . 16.2 ─ . A, B, C, D (. 16.1) ─ , a, b, c, d, e, f, g , .
. 16.1.
. 16.2.
. . 2.2 ─ , ─ .
. 2.2 , , .
16.1 (. 1736 .) ( ) , 0 ( 2).
:
1) : () , . , G , .
2) : G ─ , . x 0 , x 0 . , . , . ─ (. 2.3) 1 ─ .
. 16.3.
G , , .
, - , , . xi, 1. , È 1. , , , (. 16.4). .
. 16.4.
, , . G , . , , , , . . 16.5 ─ 16.7 (. 16.5), ( 16.6) (16.7) . .
. 16.5. . 16.6.
. 16.7.
, G (. 16.6) , x 1, x 3 ─ . G , , .
|
|
, G , . , .
G = (X, U), .
1. xk = x 1. U G |U| = n, xs . Ci = Æ.
2. , xs.
3. , ( ). uk = (xs, xp).
4. Ck = Ck È uk G.
5. | Ck | = n, . 7, . 6.
6. k = k + 1, s = p . 2.
7. , .
.
1. xi, i Î I = {1, 2,..., n}.
2. (xi, xj) j ¹ i, j Î I, xi, 1. L G.
3. xj, , (xj, xk), , L G.
4. |L| = m. , . 5, , . 3 xb,..., xn.
5. , .
. 16.7
= (x 1, x 2), (x 2, x 6), (x 6, x 3), (x 3, x 2), (x 2, x 4), (x 4, x 5), (x 5, x 3), (x 3, x 1).
, G , , G . , G (. 16.7) (), G (. 16.5) G = (x 1, x 2), (x 2, x 5), (x 5, x 4), (x 4, x 3), (x 3, x 1). . , .
16.2. G n xi, xj : r (xi) + r (xj) ³ n, G .
, ,
r (xi) ³ n/2. (16.1)