/: __ 20.03.01 _
(, /)
/:
() : __ _____ ____________ __ : __ _________ ___ ____
1. .
: |
1.1. . |
1.2. . |
, , .
- - ( ) ( ). (), , .
, , :
1) , 2) , 3) 4) .
, .
.
, , , , . , .
, , .
g ,
, (1.1)
: G W.
- .
r , ,
(1.2)
: - , W.
:
, ,
G = Mg.
W,
g = r g. (1.3)
, .
V - , .
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V = W/m=1/ρ.
[3/].
.
.
(. 1.1)
(1.4)
, , , .
bw
(1.5)
: W 0 - ; ΔW - Δ p.
b w ( )
|
(1.6)
, , , ( E=2,1.103 /2, E=2.106 /2). , , (bw=0), , , : g=const r=onst.
, , , .
- = const.
(1.7)
() b t.
(1.8)
: W - ;
dW - Δt.
b t
. . , 0 100 I 100 b t
,
.. 0,07 % 1, , bt = 0, , , g = const r = const. , , , , , ..
.
.
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p, ( ) g= g r, T ().
, , ( , V ) .
( - ) :
(1.9)
: R = 29,27 / ;
g = 9,81 /c2 - .
1 ( - , ) 1. : 8,3143 0,0012 /-, 8,314-107 /-, 1,986 /-, 82,05-10-3 /-.
, 1 , 1 , . - , R NA
k = R/NA (k = (1,380540,00018)´10-23/).
( - 1 , 6,02252.1023. , , [0 101325 / 2 (760 . . .) ] , 22,4 ).
, μ,
pV=NkT, (1.10)
N - , k - .
, - ( V = const), - ( V = const) ( , , V N).
- , (, , .), .
, , , () . , , . .
(1.11)
- ; R - , , [ R =287 /( . )]; - .
, , , .
(t=0; =101325 ) (t=20; =101325 ).
R=287 /( . ) (1.11)
(1.12)
(T=const) (2.10)
p/ρ= const, (1.13)
/ρ k = const, (1.14)
k = cp/ cv - ( p - ; v - , ).
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:
E0= p. (1.15)
0 = kp. (1.16)
(19) , ~9,8-104, 20 . .
dp d r. , , .
, , .
2= dp/ dρ. (1.17)
(8) (9) (21)
(1.18)
(18) (14) : dp/ dρ =k/ρ=kRT,
(1.19)
( t=20) 330 /, - 261 /, - 1480 /.
, , , , .
, , . . , 100 /.