| Text: An advocate Vocabulary in use Grammar: Gerund |
Task 1: think over the following questions
1. What is the role of an advocate in the trial process? 2. What documents are advocates’ powers confirmed in? 3. Why the profession of an advocate so popular now? 4. What personal features are obligatory for the work of an advocate?
Task 2: read international words paying attention to the stress
| a'nalogous | 'abstract | 'client | sta'bility | spe'cific |
| 'practice | re'sult | 'private | 'general | 'concept |
Task 3: read and translate the text
The term “advocate” may be substituted by the following terms as “lawyer”, “attorney”, “counselor”, and “counsel”; “barrister”; “solicitor”.
An advocate is one who exercises a right of audience and argues a case for a client in legal proceedings. In magistrates’ courts and the county courts both barristers and solicitors have the right to appear as advocates. In most Crown Courts centres, the High Court, the Court of appeal, and the House of Lords barristers have exclusive rights of audience. However, the provisions of the Courts and Legal Service Act 1990 allows solicitors with appropriate experience to qualify for rights of audience similar to those of barristers and acquire advocacy qualifications for the Crown Court, High Court, and Supreme Court. In many tribunals there are no rules concerning representation, and laymen may appear as advocates. Advocates no longer enjoy immunity from law suits for negligence in relation to civil or criminal litigation.
An advocate is a type of professional lawyer in several different legal systems. These include Scotland, Belgium, South Africa, India, Scandinavian jurisdictions, Israel, and the British Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man. The broad equivalent in many English law-based jurisdictions is "barrister".
In England and Wales Advocates and Proctors practiced civil law in the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts in a similar way to Barristers and Attorneys or Solicitors in the common law and equity courts.
Advocates, who formed the senior branch of the legal profession in their field, were Doctors of Law of Oxford or Cambridge and Fellows of the Society of Doctors' Commons.
Advocates lost their exclusive rights of audience in probate and divorce cases when the crown took these matters over from the church in 1857, and in admiralty cases in 1859. Barristers were admitted to the Court of Arches of the Church of England in 1867. More recently, Solicitor Advocates have also been allowed to play this role.
Vocabulary:
to argue a case for a client – выступать в защите клиента
legal proceedings – судебные процессы
a right of audience – право слушания выступления) в суде
acquire advocacy qualifications – обладать адвокатской квалификацией
proctor – поверенный (чаще в церковном суде)
equity court – суд, решающий дела, основываясь на праве справедливости
Task 4: find the synonyms of the following words in the text
| certain | related | permit | wide |
| kind | sphere | question | possess |
Task 5: fill in missing words and prepositions
1. An advocate is argues a case … a client in legal proceedings. 2. In the courts of higher instance barristers have exclusive ….. of audience. 3. The Courts and Legal Service Act 1990 …… solicitors with appropriate experience to qualify for rights of audience. 4. Advocates no longer enjoy …….. from law suits for negligence. 5. The broad equivalent to …….in many English law-based jurisdictions is "barrister". 6. Advocates lost their exclusive rights of …. in probate and divorce cases in 1857.
Task 6: define the correct completion of the sentences
1. The term “advocate” may be substituted by the term ……
a) a judge b) a prosecutor c) a barrister
2. An advocate exercises a right of ……….
a) prosecution b) hearing in the court c) punishing
3. Advocates may loose immunity from law suits for ………..
a) laxity b) mental ability c) illness
4. The Courts and Legal Service Act 1990 allows solicitors with appropriate experience ………
a) to issue the laws b) to participate in trial hearing c) to pass a sentence
5. Advocates, forming the senior branch of the legal profession in their field, are
a) Doctors of Philosophy b) Doctors of Law c) Doctors of Arts
Task 7: define advocate’s rights and responsibilities, mark with √
| 1. ask for and get necessary documents from enterprises and organizations as well as from citizens with their assent | |
| 2. control the law making procedure | |
| 3. represent and defend the interests of legal and natural persons | |
| 4. get the written conclusion of specialists on the required case | |
| 5. gather the facts which may be used for defending a client | |
| 6. exercise the supervision on law obeying | |
| 7. examining the case during legal proceedings |
Task 8: translate the text
Адвокат - тот, кто оказывает юридическую помощь, осуществляет правовую защиту, ведет защиту дела.
Адвокат - лицо, которое имеет высшее юридическое образование, подтвержденное дипломом Украины или в соответствии с международными договорами Украины дипломом другой страны, стаж работы в отрасли права не менее двух лет, владеет государственным языком, сдала квалификационные экзамены, получила в Украине свидетельство о праве на занимание адвокатской деятельностью и приняла Присягу адвоката Украины.
(Закон от 19.12.1992р. №2887-XII "Об адвокатуре")
Task 9: choose any legal profession and write down the summary of rights and responsibilities according to Ukrainian legislation
