1. 6,048 298,15 857,5 . H2O() 298,15 .
. :
H2 () + O2 () = H2O()
, 1 2 (2,016 ) 2 () 298,15 ; :
6,048 857,5
2,016 , = 258,8;
DHop.H2O() = 285,8 /o.
2. NO3 298,15 ʔ:
) H2() + N2() + O2() = HNO3();
) H2() + N2() + O3() = HNO3();
) H2() + N2() + O2() = HNO3();
) H2() + N2() + O2() = HNO3();
.) N2O5() + H2O() = HNO3()?
. 298,15 H2 (), O2 () N2 (), - ( , , HNO3 () ). "" .
3. C3H8 ()*, CO2() 2 () 393,5 285,8 /, 38() 2219,9 /.
. , " 38()":
3C(, ) + 4H2() = C3H8(); .
D 2- ( 1.12):
=3DH0 (, ) + 4DH0H2() DH0.C3H8 ().
, 2() 2O() ,
. :
=3DH0O2() + 4DH0H2O() DH0C3H8 () =
= 3×(393,5) + 4×(285,8) (2219,9) = 103,8 /.
4. Na2SO4 () Na2SO4 () × 400 H2O 1,5 /, Na2SO4 ()c Na2SO4 ×10H2O() 82,0 /. Na2SO4×10H2O()
Na2SO4 ×400 H2O.
. :
) Na2SO4() + 400 H2O () =Na2SO4 (-, Na2SO4×400H2O); DH1;
) Na2SO4() + 10 H2O () = Na2SO4×10H2O(); DH2;
) Na2SO4×10H2O() + 390 H2O () = Na2SO4 (-, Na2SO4×400H2O); DH.
, () , :
DH = DH1 DH2 = 1,5 (82,0) = 80,5 .
5. , 2 CH4 1 C2H6?
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. :
H4 () + 2O2 () = CO2 () + 2H2O ();
2H6 () + 3,5O2 () = 2CO2 () + 3H2O ().
2(), H2O(), CH4() C2H6(), 1- , , CH4() C2H6():
DH0H4 () = DH0CO2() + 2DH0H2O() DH0H4 () 2DH0O2() =
= 393,5 + 2(285,8) (74,8) 2×0 = 890,3 ;
DH02H6 () = 2DH0CO2() + 3DH0H2O() DH02H6 ()
3,5DH0O2() = 2(393,5) + 3(285,8) (84,7) 3,5×0 = 1273,9 .
, 2 CH4() , 1 C2H6().
6. і :
1) C (,) + 2H2 () = CH4 (), = 74,8 ;
2) H2 () = 2H (), = 436,0 ;
3) C(,) = C(), =715,1 .
. і 4 :
CH4() = C () + 4H (); = 4 CH.
, :
= 715,1 + 2(436,0)(74,8)=1661,9 .
:
DH0.іH = =415,5 .
7. і :
D26() = 84,7 /; D(,) = 715,1 /;
D2 = 436,0 ;D.і = 415,5 / .
. :
1) C (,) + 3H2() = C2H6(), C2H6();
2) C (,) = C (), C (,);
3) H2 () = 2H (), H2 .
C2H6 () = 2C () + 6H ();
1 26() 1 і 6 і, :
= + 6 .
, , , :
=2 +3 =2×715,1 + 3(436,0) (84,7) = 2822,9 .
і :
= 2822,9 6(415,5) = 329,9 / .
1. :
1) H2() + 0,5O2 () = H2O();
2) H2 () + 0,5 O2 () = H2O ();
3) C2H6 () + 3,5O2 () = 2 CO2 () + 3 H2O ();
4) KClO3 () = KCl () + 1,5 O2 ().
. DS , , , . , , , , . , .
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2. , K2Cr2O7().
. DS :
2K() + 2Cr() + 3,5 O2() = K2Cr2O7().
(1.18):
DS0 = S0K2Cr2O7 () 2S0 K () 2S0 Cr () 3,5S0 02 () =
= 291 2×64,48 2×23,6 3,5×205,0 = 603,1 /.
. , 298,15 :
1) KClO3 () = KCl () +1,5 O2 ();
2) N2 () + 2H2 () + Cl2 () = NH4Cl ().
. . , ,
= S0KCl() + 1,5S0O2 () S0KClO3 () =
= 82,6 + 1,5×205,0 143,0 = 247,1 /;
= S0NH4Cl() 0,5S0N2 () 2S0 H2 () 0,5S0Cl2 () =
= 95,8 0,5×191,5 2×130,5 0,5×223,0 = 372,5 /.
, , - .