5. , :
1. What are the main basic parts of the automobile?
2. What does the chassis consist of?
3. What units does the power train contain?
4. What is the function of the clutch?
5. Why are brakes needed?
a. The clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft and the final drive.
b. Freeing the engine from the gearbox.
c. The power plant, the chassis and the body.
d. A power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs.
e. To slow or stop the car.
6. , :
1. The mechanism used for stopping the car is... a) clutch;
2. The mechanism used for changing the speed is.... b) gearbox;
c) brakes.
3. The mechanism used for connecting a) brakes;
(or disconnecting) the engine from the gearbox is.. b) clutch;
c) steering system.
4. The unit carrying the power from the a) power plant;
engine to the car wheels is.... b) power train;
c) chassis
5. The instrument measuring the speed of the car a) heater;
b) lights;
c) speedometer.
9
1. :
1. internal combustion engine a.
2. combustion chamber b.
3. stroke c.
4. piston d.
5. top dead centre e.
6. bottom dead centre f.
7. four-stroke cycle engine g.
8. two-cycle engine h.
9. crankshaft i. ()
10. intake stroke j.
11. valve opening k.
12. fuel system l. , ()
13. power stroke m.
14. exhaust n.
2. :
cylinder, automobile, limit, centre, cycle, compression, gas.
3. :
THE ENGINE
1. The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.
2. The operating cycle of the four-stroke engine that takes place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the Piston movement is called the top dead centre. The lower limit of piston Movement is called the bottom dead centre. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead centre to the bottom dead centre, or from the bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion.
3, Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four stroked (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.
|
|
|
4 Two-cycle engines have also been made, and in such engines tin! entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft.
5. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of; and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve,
On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed.
On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to rise pressure during the mixture combustion.
On the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the residual gas.
2 5.
5. , :
1. What is the top dead centre?
2. What is the bottom dead centre?
3. When is the engine called a four-stroke cycle engine?
4. When is the engine called a two-cycle engine?
5. What kind of strokes can the events in the engine cylinder be divided into?
a. When the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes,
b. The lower limit of the piston movement,
c. The upper limit of the piston movement.
d. When the entire cycle of events in the cylinder is completed in four strokes.
e. Intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes.
6. , :
1. An internal combustion engine a) inside the combustion chamber;
is called so because gasoline is burned.... b) outside the combustion chamber.
2. The upper limit of the piston movement is called.... a) the bottom dead centre;
3. The lower limit of the pis- ton movement is called.... b)the top dead centre.
4. The four-cycle engine requires.... a) two strokes of piston movement
b) four strokes of piston movement.
5. The mixture of air and gasoline is a) on the power stroke; on the exhaust stroke;
delivered into the cylinder.... b) on the intake stroke; on the compression stroke.
10
1. :
1. to deal (with) .
2. to elaborate (to work out) programs b.
3. computer-aided-design .
4. computer-aided-manufacturing d. ( -., -.)
5. to meet up-to-date demands (requirements) .
6. software f.
7. hardware g.
8. to offer solutions h.
9. to solve problems i.
10. to defend from viruses' j.
2. :
specialist, productivity, optimal, problem, logic, operation, program, virus, expert, instruction, method, computer, mathematics, designer, manager, calculator.
2. :
COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. Computer science is a part of an applied mathematics. Specialists in computer science say that this field of knowledge is very interesting because it deals with computer-aided-design (CAD) and computer-aided-manufacturing (CAM).
|
|
|
2. Computers are intended to improve the productivity of labour of scientists, designers, engineers, managers, and other specialists, because computers offer quick and optimal solutions. One of the main goals of using CAD/CAM is to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.
3. Moreover, computers came in our life and to our houses and now we I can solve our everyday problems with their help.
4. Computers can be divided into simple and complex devices. Simple j computers such as calculators can perform addition, subtraction, \ multiplication and division. As far as complex computers are concerned they can do different logical operations and some of them even have artificial intelligence.
5. Thus in order to elaborate up-to-date and inexpensive programs as j well as to defend them from viruses, it is important to know some programming languages.
6. There are low-level programming languages such as a machine l language and an assembly language and high-level programming languages, for instance, FORTRAN, PASCAL, ADA, C, BASIC, etc. 1
