5. , :
1.What do specialists in computer science deal with?
2. What are the computers used for?
3. What operations can simple devices perform?
4. What operations do complex computers perform?
5. What are CAD/CAM systems intended to do?
6. What high-level programming languages do you know?
a. To improve the productivity of labour of scientists, designers managers and other specialists by offering quick and optimal solutions to
them.
b. Computer-aided-design (CAD) and computer-aided-manufacturing (CAM).
c. For shortening the time between designing and manufacturing.
d. Different logical operations.
e. FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, ADA.
f. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
6. , :
1. Experts in computer science deal with a) manufacturing cars;
b) computer-aided-design;
c) increasing the productivity of car.
2. One of the aims of using computers is.... a) to work out up-to-date demands;
b) to shorten the time between
designing and manufacturing;
c) to construct hardwares.
3. Simple devices can do... a) logical operations;
4. Complex computers perform...
b) such operations as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
5. High-level programming languages are.... a) BASIC, FORTRAN;
b) assembly and machine languages.
11
1. :
1. mainframe a.
2. execute b.
3. to obtain c.
4. set of instructions d.
5. hard disk e.
6. floppy disk f.
7. to input data g. ()
8. to output data h.
9. Random access memory i. ,
10. Read Only memory j.()
11. Program storage .
12. printed board 1.
2. :
computer, function, class, microcomputer, supercomputer, electronic, system, processor, limit, instruction, information, program, type, disk, standard, mathematical, logical, operation, algebra, algebraic.
3. :
1. Computer can perform many functions: they can do mathematical and logical operations, mathematical operations including arithmetic and algebraic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, raising to a power, differentiating and integrating. Logical operations include comparing, selecting, sorting and matching.
2. Computers are divided into four main classes: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers.
3. A minicomputer is a computer manufactured on a single printed board which contains one or more chips. Most microcomputers are personal computers. At present personal computers have become so powerful that they are used as CAD/CAM systems.
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4. A microprocessor is a very small device used in microcomputers,; which deals with memories by reading and writing process. Microprocessors can obtain from memory and execute a limited set ojj instructions in order to perform addition or subtraction on a binary word^ and to input or output binary data.
5. Memory is a device for storing digital information. Memory shouk be small in size and large in capacity. It should take little power and work at the same speed as computer logic. There are many types of memories. Al microcomputers use Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Onl) Memory (ROM).
6. RAM is called so because information can be put into or out of an) single byte of memory. ROM is permanent memory for program storage.
7. People know many types of memory units, hard disks and flopp) disks being widely used. Floppy disks (flexible plastic disks) are used personal computers.
4. 1, 3, 4 6.
5. , :
1. A microcomputer is a) a computer which can perform addition or subtraction on a binary word;
b) a computer manufactured on a single printed board which contains one or more chips;
c) a very small device that can obtain from memory and execute a limited set of instructions.
2. A microprocessor is a) a device which can perform logical operations;
b) a computer manufactured on a single printed board which contains one or more chips;
c) a device which can obtain from memory a limited set of instructions in order to perform addition or subtraction.
3. RAM is.... a) memory for a limited set of instructions;
b) permanent memory for program storage;
c) memory when information can be put into or out of any single byte of memory.
4. ROM is... a) memory for a limited set of instructions;
b) permanent memory for program storage;
c) random access memory.
12
1. :
1. to deal (with) a.
2. high-level language b.
3. to solve problems c.
4. brief description e. ( -., -.)
5. to consist (of) d.
6. programming languages f.
7. for commercial purposes g.
8. algebraic formulae h.
9. general-purpose language i. ( -.)
10. application program j.
11. simple language . ( -. )
12. to result (in) l.
2. :
computer, problem, instruction, type, program, machine, code, mathematics, algebra, algebraic, formula, phrase, symbol, programming, interpret, commercial, algorithm.
3. :
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
1. Computers can deal with different kinds of problems but they must be given the right instructions. Instructions are written in one of the high-level languages, for example, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, PASCAL, BASIC, or C. But a program written in one of these languages should be interpreted into machine code. Usually when one instruction written in a high-level language is transformed into machine code, it results in several instructions. A brief description of some high-level languages are given below.
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2. FORTRAN is acronym for FORmula TRANslation. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases.
3. COBOL is acronym for COmmon Business-Oriented Languages. This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL deals with th problems that do not involve a lot of mathematical calculations.
4. ALGOL is acronym for ALGOrithmic Language. It is used fo mathematical and scientific purposes.
5. BASIC is acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming.
6. is developed to support the UNIX operating system. is general-purpose language.
7. When a program is designed to do a specific type of work it is called an application program.
