5. , :
1. What operations is the universal grinder designed for?
2. What mechanism controls the movements of the wheel slide and cross-feed?
3. By what unit is the cross-feed for the wheel slide operated?
4. Where is the wheel head clamped?
a. By a hydraulic unit.
b. For grinding cylindrical holes of workpieces.
c. On the top surface of the table.
d. The lever.
6. , :
1. The universal grinder is.... a) a machine of small sizes
b) a machine of very massive construction.
2. All functions of the machine are operated by... a) the wheel spindle;
3. A V-belt from a motor drives.... b) the wheel head;
4. On the top of the surface table there is.... c) the single lever.
7
1. :
1. mechanical engineer a.
2 to deal (with) b.
3. designing cars c.
4. to put into mass production d.
5. long service life e.
6. driving safety f. ( -., -.)
7. to meet up-to-date demands g.
8. smooth-acting clutch h. ()
9. silent gearbox i. -
10. dependable brakes and steering system j. -
11. to subject to tests k.
2. :
mechanical, mechanism, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, test, fact, automobile, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable
3. :
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION
1. Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:
1) Designing,
2) Working out the technology of manufacturing processes,
3) Laboratory tests,
4) Road tests,
5) Mass production (manufacturing).
2. Why is it necessary to know ail these facts?
It is important to know them as before the automobile (car or truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements,
3. What are these requirements?
The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.
In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems.
|
|
|
4. But before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests, first in the plant's laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Only then the car is put into mass production. Why are these tests required? What qualities are required of the automobile? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and have all conveniences.
3 4.
5. , :
1. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?
2. What requirements must the automobile meet?
3. Why are cars subjected to road tests?
4. What qualities are required of the automobile?
5. Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?
a. It must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.
b. They should be able to develop up-to-date methods of designing cars and shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.
c. Because they must meet up-to-date requirements.
d. Designing, working out technological processes, laboratory and road tests, mass production.
e. It must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system.
6. , :
1. The cars are subjected to road tests in order.... a) to shorten the time between
designing and manufacturing;
b) to meet up-to-date requirements;
c) to work out new technological processes.
2. The car must have the following units.... a) high efficiency, long service life, driving
safety and pleasant appearance;
3. The car must have the following qualities.... b) smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox,
dependable brakes and steering system.
8
1. :
1. body a.
2. car wheels b.
3. power train c.
4. power plant d.
5. springs e.
6. steering system f.
7. clutch g.
8. final drive h.
9. engine crankshaft i.
10. push down the pedal j.
11. brakes are applied k.
12. frame with axles l.
13. fuel system m.
14. lubricating system n.
15. accessories o.
2. :
automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, system, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential
3. :
COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE
1. Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.
2. The power plant, or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.
|
|
|
3. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.
4. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.
5. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.
6. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.
