3. :
1. Visiting Niagara Falls made a great impression on us.
2. We heard of his planning a travel to Canada.
3. Many farmers in Canada are engaged in growing wheat.
;
1. If the weather is fine, we (will go, would go) to Niagara Falls.
2. If I went to Canada, I (will visit, would visit) its numerous National Parks.
3. If he (knew, had known) about your plans, he would have joined you.
5. , :
1. The student said that he had visited Canada two months before. *
2. The teacher asked the students what was Canada's political status.
3. Everyone knew that Canada had two official languages.
6. , .
1. Standing on the shore of Lake Ontario, Toronto is the largest city in Canada.
2. Toronto has a lot of fine modern buildings, City Hall being the most famous.
3. At night the Parliament Building is illuminated by thousands o| lights, creating a view of a fairy-tale palace.
7. ) . , : Sometimes it is more convenient to use compressed oxygen. It is stored in special insulated tanks and delivered in pipes to the work sites.
Oxygen is used in breathing apparatus. Airmen and mountain climbers, miners at rescue teams, firemen entering smoke-filled buildings, patients at hospitals need breathing apparatus badly.
) , : 1. The teacher asked the students how oxygen was obtained in industry.
2. He said that he had finished the experiment by two o'clock.
3. He asked me if I would go to the scientific conference.
) , :
1. The air surrounding the earth is a mixture of well-known gases.
2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic weight starting from the lowest,
3. The elements in the Periodic System fall into seven periods, the first period containing one element only hydrogen.
) , :
1. Oxygen was discovered... 1774... Joseph Priestly.
2. He obtained it... heating mercuric oxide.
3. It smells... chlorine.
4. Oxygen is used to produce iron... ore... a blast furnace.
5. It gives a flame... a temperature... about 3,000 C.
6. Oxygen is also used... cutting and welding metal sections.
7. It is delivered... pipes... the work sites.
8. Patients... hospitals need breathing apparatus.
) :
1. Where is compressed oxygen stored?
2. In what apparatus is oxygen used?
3. Why do firemen need breathing apparatus?
4. Who else needs breathing apparatus?
Vocabulary
1. to establish [is'taeblij] ,
2. maritime climate [,maentaim 'klaimit]
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3. monarchy ['rronaki]-
monarch ['monak]
4. to grow barley ['ba:li]
5. danger ['deindsa]
dangerous ['demdsaras]
6. to take precautions [pn'ko: Janz]
7. household installations [ 'insta'leijanz]
8. to connect in series ['sisrirz]
9. to melt [melt] ()
10. to blow (blew, blown) [blou] ( )
11. to earth [3:6]
12. insulating ['insjuleitin] material
13. capacitor [ka'paesita]
14. radio waves [,reidiou 'weivz]
15. fault [forlt] ,
faulty apparatus [^aspa'reitas]
16. cross-section
17. to increase (to decrease) resistance ()
18. to measure ['mesa]
19. oxygen ['oksidsan]
20. to be abundant [a'bAndant]
21. fractional distillation [f raekJanl ^distrleijn] ()
22. chlorine [1cb:ri:n]
23. soluble ['soljubl]
24. furnace ['farms]
blast furnace
25. to weld [weld]
26. rescue ['reskju:] team
27. hydrogen ['haidndsan]
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. I II ?
6. ?
7. Past Indefinite Tense, ?
8. Past Perfect Tense, ?
9. Future-in-the-Past, ?
5
1
1. :
1. quantity a. ()
2. alloy b.
3. carbon c.
4. substance d.
5. tough (ness) e.
6. hard (ness) f.
7. ductility g.
8. malleability h.
9. tension i.
10. compression j.
11. rupture k. ()
12. strength l.
13. braking m.
2. :
metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.
3. :
METALS
1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.
2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.
3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.
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4. Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.
5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.
Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.
6. These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.
7. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.
8. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.
