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3.1.

- , .

1. ( )

f (a,b). , f() , , (a,b) :

► . f() (a,b), 0 . h, 0 + h (a,b) : = = = 0; , .

. () (a,b). 0 (a,b) : f(0) . , 0 . , 0 f (. . 2.2.); ξ, - , f() f(0)= ( 0). , ξ (a,b), = 0. , f() =f(0)=; : . ◄

2. ( )

f (a,b). , () , , () (a,b).

► . 0 (a,b). , , , = .

.

= . h > 0; f , f(x0+h) f(x0) ≥ 0; . (. 1, .4.5) : 0. 0 (a,b). , .

: .

. 1 2, ≤ 1 < 2 ≤ b, - , . [ 1 , 2 ] f . : f(2) f(1) = (2 - 1), 1 <ξ < 2.

(a,b). 0, , , f(1) ≤ f(2). , 1 2, ≤ 1 < 2 ≤ b, f(1) ≤ f(2), .. f .

0 (a,b) f(2) f(1) = (2 - 1) : f(1) ≥ f(2), , f .

3. ( ) f (a,b). (a,b) > 0 ( < 0), f () .

1 2, ≤ 1 < 2 ≤ b, - , . [ 1 , 2 ] f . : f(2) f(1) = (2 - 1), 1 <ξ < 2.

(a,b). > 0, , , f(1) < < f(2). , 1 2, ≤ 1 < 2 ≤ b, f(1) < f(2), .. f .

< 0 (a,b) f(2) f(1) = (2 - 1) : f .

3.2.

: f (a,b), ; .

. 2.1. . f 0, 0 .

. 0 ( ) f, δ > 0 , , (9- δ, 0) (0, 0 + δ) f() < f(0) (f() > f(0)).

(. .2.1), f 0 (a,b), 0, 0 . , f, (a,b), , . , . , . , .

1. f(x) =x . : ()= 0 =0. , f(x) , (. . 7).

, , , , . .

f 0 . , 0 + -, δ > 0 , f() > 0 (0 δ, 0) f()< 0 (0, 0 + +δ). 0 + 0 , 0 = 0 f(x) =x + (. . 7), .

4. ( ) f 0 , 0 f , ,. :

1) 0 + -, 0 f;

2) 0 +, 0 f;

3) 0 , 0 f.

► 1) δ > 0 , f() > 0 (0 δ, 0) f()< 0 (0, 0 + δ). f (0 δ, 0 ] [ 0, 0 + δ); , , .. 0 - .

2) .

3) , δ > 0 , f() > 0 (0 δ, 0), (0, 0 + δ). , f (0 δ, 0 ], [ 0, 0 + δ); .. f (0 δ, 0 + δ); 0 . ◄

2. f(x) =x . , 9 =0 : (0) = 0. () = 2 +; , 9 =0 .

3. f(x) = | x |. , 9 =0; () ≡ -1 (-∞, 0) () ≡1 (0,+∞). , 9 =0 , - ( ), +; , 9 =0 .

5. ( ) f n , n> 1, 9,

, . :

1) n , 9 , , ;

2) n , 9 .

► -

, ,

,

, (13) 0. δ > 0 , , 0< |x-x 0| < δ, | | < . (0 - δ, 0) (0 , 0 + δ) (. (13)) .

n - . < 0, (13) , (0 - - δ, 0) (0 , 0 + δ) , . . . , , 0 - (. ). 0,, ; , 0 .

n - . (13) 0 ; f(x) f(0 ). , 0 . ◄

4. f(x) =x . 0 = 0 : , . , 0 = 0 .

5. f(x) =x . 0 = 0 : , . , 0 = 0 .

 

3.3.

f [ x1,x2 ], x1 < x2,

= (14) , A(1,f(x1)) B (2,f(x2)). (x1,x2) l(x) ≤ f(x) (l(x) ≥ f(x)), f(x) (x1, x2) ( ) . (x1,x2) l(x) < f(x) (l(x) > f(x)), f(x) (x1, x2) ( ) (. .8).

f - .

. , f ( ), x1 x2, x1 < x2, , l(x) ≤ f(x) (l(x) ≥ f(x)) , (x1,x2). , - (x1,x2). , .. l(x) < f(x) (l(x) > f(x)), , f ( ) .

.9 , .

6. ( ) f (a,b). , ( ) , , f ′ () (a,b).

:

(f ) (f ′ (a,b))

. f , .. x1 x2, x1 < x2, , l(x) > f(x) , x1 < < <x2 . l(x) (. (14)), l(x) > f(x) :

(15) (x1 , . (15) : (x1 , g(x) < g(x2). , x2 , <x2, (x1 , ; , g(x) (x1 , . , - ([1], . 67) , ..

f 1, f ′(1), . f ′(1) , l(x) (14), . , x1 x2, x1 < x2, f ′(1) , .. f ′ .

. f ′ . x1 x2, x1 < x2, - , : x1 < <x2 . [ x1, ] [ , x2 ] f , , ,

f(x) - f(x1) = f ′ (x x1) f(x2) f(x) = f ′ (x2 x). : f ′ = ; f ′ = . , ,

f ′ , f ′ < f ′ ; , < :

( 1)(2 - ) , : x2 x1 :

= .

, , x1 < <x2 , f(x) < , x1 x2, x1 < x2, - , f .◄

(f ) (f ′ (a,b))

.

. f (a,b). (a,b) (), f ( ) .

, f ′, (a,b) (), (. 3) f ′ () (a,b). ◄

6. f(x) =x . : (- ∞, +∞); , (- ∞, +∞).

7. f(x) =x . : ; (- ∞, 0) (0, +∞). , (- ∞, 0) (0, +∞), . . 7.

 

3.4.

f 0 , .

. 0 f, - δ > 0 , (0 δ, 0) (0, 0 + δ) , .

, - , , . . 10 0 , .

 
 

 

 

7. ( ) f U 0 , , . , 0 , , δ > 0 , (0 δ, 0) (0, 0 + δ) f ′ , .

( 6), .

. .

8. 0 , , f. f , .

0 f ′. f 0 , f ′ ; , f ′, .. , 0 0. ◄

. f 0, , 0 f.

f 0 , . 0 , , , . 8 , . , , , .

8. f(x) =x . : . , 0 = 0 , . , (- ∞, 0), (0, +∞); .

9. ( ) 0 , . , f, f ..

1) 0 , 0 ;

2) 0 , 0 ;

1) , , (0 δ, 0) (0, 0 + δ), δ . , . (. ) , ; 0 - .

2) . ◄

9. f(x) =x . : , . , 0 = 0 , , 0 , 0 = 0 .

10. f(x) =x . : . , 0 = 0 , . 0 = 0 ; , 0 = 0 .

 

3.5.

, f

1. = 0 f 0.

f =(0, 0 + δ) ( = (0 δ, 0)), δ .

 

2. (), = 0 f 0 + 0 ( 0 - 0).


. 11 ) . 0 ∞, = 0 ( ) 0. . 11 ) . , =-1 = 1 -1+0 1=0 .

f (- ∞, ) - (, +∞), . L , OY, y = kx + b .

3. (), L f - ∞ ( +∞).

11. a b , . f (- ∞, - ) (, +∞), .11. L , . , L f + ∞. , .

, - f - ∞.

10. ( - ) f (- ∞, ). 1) , - ∞, ,

. (16) 2) (16) , , y = kx + +b f - ∞.

1) . f - ∞ , y = kx + b : . : . , - ∞, , .. (16) . ([1], . 50) : , .. (16) .

. , L - , y = kx + b. : , , L - ∞.

2) , . 1), . ◄

11. f (, + ∞).

1) , → + ∞, ,

.

2) , , y = kx + +b f → + ∞.

.

3.6. ,


, , .

 

. 13

 

(, , ). , , (.1, .5.5). = f(), f() = .

, t ( ), : = f(). ,

. (17)

(17) f() ; t . = f(), (17) t: t = , : = () = f(x).

12.

[0, π], a> 0. [0, π], [0, π] = [- , ]; y = f(x) = [- , ]. , f(x), t : t = = arccos = ; , :

y = f(x) = a sin (arccos ) = .

13.

[0, 2π]. (18)

: , > 0 (0, 2π); , [0, 2π] 0 2π . y = f (x), [0, 2π ]. f (x), . t. , , , , f(x).

, . 13, , , y = f(x). : (17) f, .. ; , , f: ? ? ? .

1. (), f (a,b) ().

, (. 1, 5.4), () ; (a,b). (.1, . 5.5) (a,b). (. 1, .5.2) , .., f, (a,b).

2. (), ′ (t) (), f (a,b), f ′

t (). (19)

, (.1.3, 5) (a,b), ′() = = . (.1.3, 4) (a,b),

.. : , t (). - , y′= , .. f ′.

3. (), ′ (t) (), f (a,b), f ″

t (), . , 2, (19) f ′.

14. f , (18). [0, 2π ] (. 13). 1. : f (0, 2π ). : f [0, 2π ]. , [0, 2π], , [0, 2π ] ([1], . 1); f . 2. 3. : f (0, 2π ),

f ′: t (0, 2π); f ″: t (0, 2π);

f . t (0, π) x =a(t sint) (0, π), y =a ( 1 cost) (0,2 ), a . , f ′ (x) > 0 (0, π); f [0, π] 2 . t (π, 2π) , [ π, 2π ] f 2 , , 0 = π f, f ( π) = 2 . t (0, 2π)

,

, f ″ () < 0 (0,2 ), f [0, 2π ]

 

 





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