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.1.




:

N ,

Z ,

Z0 ,

Q ,

I ,

R .

9 . , , , .

, , , (R). R , , (). 3 :

I.

1. a + b = b + a

2. a + (b + c)= (a + b) + c

3. a ∙ b = b ∙ a

4. a ∙ (b ∙ c)= (a ∙ b) ∙ c

5. (a + b) ∙ c= a ∙ c + b ∙ c

6. 0 , + 0 =

7. , + ( ) = 0

8. 1≠0 , 1 =

9. ≠0 1 , 1 = 1

II.

1. , .

2. , x=y.

3. , .

4. , z + z + z

5. , z > 0 ∙ z ∙ z,

z < 0 ∙ z ∙ z.

III. . X Y . , , , .

.

, , IIII.

.

0 . 0 . , . 0 ( ). , , 0, , .

. :

1) x >0. 0 x. x .

2) x <0. 0 ( x). x .

3) x =0, 0.

. :

1) x . x >0, 0 x.

2) x . x <0, 0 x,

3) x . x =0.

, . R ( ) , , .. , . , . .





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