13. l , , 0 t.
'
ǒ, . : 0 t , 䳿 . ,
,
N , t. ϳ N
,
.
14. : 1) Dt 1 = 1 c; 2) Dt 2 = 1 m 0 = 1,0 . = 285 .
'
.
1) Dt 1 = 1 c, Dt 1 << T , Dt 1 , , N 0. DN , ,
,
, ,
,
.
N 0, n , , N A:
, (1)
m0 , m , . (1)
.
,
DN = 1,2×1011.
2) Dt 2 = 1 ; Dt 2 i . :
,
, , (1),
.
2,
= 2,5×1018.
15. 0 m = 0,2 ,
t = 1 . , .
, (1)
l , N0 (t = 0).
, , , (1)
5,15×1012 .
. (2)
ϳ (2) l , :
.
e ln2 = 2,
= 8,05×1010 .
5. '
.
:
Z ( ), N Z (A ), m mn ; m .
, ' :
|
|
, (6.26)
, m .
' :
E= 2D m, (6.27)
D m , ;
2 = 8,987×1016 / = 8,987×1016 2 /2.
, , c 2 = 931 /...
' ( ' ):
E = E / A. (6.28)
:
) : 1 + 2 = 3 + 4;
) : Z 1 + Z 2 = Z 3 + Z 4;
) 㳿: 1 + 2 = 3 + 4;
) : 1 + 2 = 3 + 4.
:
Q = 2 [(m 1 + m 2) (m 3 + m 4)] = 2 Dm', (6.29)
m 1 m 2 - ; m 3 m 4 ; Dm' .
m 1 + m 2 > m 3 + m 4, , , . m 1 + m 2 < m 3 + m 4, , ', .