, .. Smith etal.,(1953) , , - . , , , .
Babcock (1905) , , . 2-3 . , . , Mallonee et al.,(1982a) , (0,16% Na), 1 - 2 , . , (1.0% ), . . , , , , (Underwood, 1981). , , , , .
( )
Demott et al.,(1968) 4% , 1 2 4% 2- , -
130
, . , , 0,8 - 1,0% . (Randall et al., 1974). 0.88% 0,55% (Schneider et al., 1986).
, 12000 - 25000 ' (Weeth et al., 1960; Weeth and Haverland, 1961). , , , . . , 10000 / . Jaster (1978) 0 2500 / 28 . - , . , . , . , . (1980) 4,0% ( 1,6% ); , (Dermott et al.,(1968). 9,0% , Meyer et al.,(1955).
|
|
. , . , , . - .
. 6.
, , 60% . , . , , (Stewart, 1981), . . . 90 110 mEq/, .10 30 mEq/ 25- 30 mEq/ - . 1.2 1,4 / 100 500 (, 1980).
80% , , . . , , , . (Sperber and Hyden, 1952). Martens and Blume (1987) , , . ( ) . , . , , , - , , . . , . Fettman et al.,(1984b) , , , . , . , , (Nelson et al., 1955). (, 1986). , (Hilwig, 1976).
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visa versa (Fisher et al., 1983). . . , - . , .
. 50% (Gueguen et al., 1989). 2,2 100 , . , .
. 150 600 1 ' (Gueguen et al.. 1989).
. . , (House and Bell, 1993) , (41,5% 58,5% ; , 1980), 1.0 / 190 .
. 1,15 (1. 1965). (Holt, 1985). . (Flinn and Power, 1985). ; , . 1,15 / .