- , , , . , .. , ; , . ( ) , . . - , . - . . .. . . VIII- ( ) VII- (), VI- ( ), , , (V-); , (IV-); (III-), . . , , , , . :
Ag | N |
As , | Ni |
Au | O , |
C , | Pb |
Cu | S |
Fe | Sb |
H , | Si , , |
Hg | Sn |
Mn |
: , , , , .
, :
Mg () | O3 |
Hg () | P4 |
O2 | S8 |
:
1 | 7 |
2 | 8 |
3 | 9 |
4 | 10 |
5 | 11 |
6 | 12 |
n . , , 3 , 4 . ( ) ( ) , , CuSO4 ( Cu2+ , SO42- ) PCl3 ( P3+ , Cl- ). . ( ) ( ), :
|
|
CuSO4 (II), PCl3 , LaCl3 (III)
, ( ), ( ) ( ). ( ), . :
H2F+ | C22- |
H3O+ | CN- |
H3S+ | CNO- |
NH4+ | HF2- |
N2H5+ (1+) | HO2- |
N2H62+ (2+) | HS- |
NH3OH+ | N3- |
NO+ | NCS- |
NO2+ | O22- |
O2+ | O2- |
PH4+ | O3- |
VO2+ | OCN- |
UO2+ | OH- |
:
AsH3 | HN3 |
B2H6 | H2S |
B4H10 (10) | NH3 |
HCN | N2H4 |
HCl | NH2OH |
HF | PH3 |
HI | SiH4 |