- . - " " MUD . , .
- " " - MUD; , , (, -); , .
: - MUD -, ; " " ; " " MUD .
40 , . 3 (. . 1): 8 - , 24 - " " 8 - . , , MUD.
( " ") , , , , , . : .
( MUD) , , . : (. . 2).
[4,17,18]. , .
:
" , , MUD. MUD , -
. 49
, . . / , e-mail ______________________________________ .
, . . . .
|
|
, , , , MUD, . , "" "". . 5 - 7 ".
() [1]. ; , . , .
. , [1]. , , , ; , -, .
IP- , . , , , (., , [1]). " " [ , . 84]; " "" " [ ]. [3, 4] , .
. . - MUD. http://c7i.mud.ru/vot-ing/public. : ( ). [1].
. , - - .
. :
1. : , f- - .
|
|
2. ( ), , - .
3. , , .
4. , , - ( N 33 - 40) , -.
, , , . SPSS 11.0 EQS 6.1.
. 50
352 . 5 . . , 347 .
. 1 - .
" ?" (. . 1) - " ". . , "", " ", , "1", .
; . 2 . , - (. . 1). 0.05. , - 1 5 ( 3 , - ), 3 , 3 - .
, , "" , , , . , . . , , , , . MUD, , , . MUD ; , .
1. -
N / | |||
% | |||
33. | |||
16 | 8.6 | ||
17 20 | 34.9 | ||
21 25 | 40.6 | ||
26 30 | 11.8 | ||
30 | 4.0 | ||
34. | |||
89.6 | |||
10.4 | |||
35. | |||
/ | 6.3 | ||
11.5 | |||
4.6 | |||
/ | 47.8 | ||
26.5 | |||
, | 3.2 | ||
36. | |||
. | 33.1 | ||
. | 13.8 | ||
20.2 | |||
7.2 | |||
9.2 | |||
1.4 | |||
10.7 | |||
2.9 | |||
1.4 | |||
37. | |||
24.2 | |||
1 - 3 | 40.6 | ||
3 - 5 | 28.5 | ||
5 | 6.6 | ||
38. | , ( ) | ||
3 | 4.9 | ||
3 - 5 | 7.8 | ||
5 - 10 | 10.7 | ||
10 - 15 4 | 22.2 | ||
15 - 25 | 23.1 | ||
25 | 31.4 | ||
39. | , | ||
85.9 | |||
14.1 | |||
40. | |||
8.4 | |||
, | 24.5 | ||
11.8 | |||
23.6 | |||
31.7 |
. 51
|
|
2. -
. | ||||
1. " " | ||||
14. MUD, | 3.69 | 0.95 | 0.66 | |
27. MUD | 3.01 (=3) | 1.10 | 0.62 | |
6. MUD | 3.41 | 1.29 | 0.56 | |
11. MUD, | 2.53 | 1.27 | 0.55 | / (- > -) |
23. MUD, | 2.91 (=3) | 1.20 | 0.48 | (- < 0) |
29. MUD, | 2.32 | 0.93 | 0.42 | / (- > -) |
21. , MUD , | 3.95 | 1.09 | 0.42 | / (+ > +) |
10. , , | 3.34 | 1.11 | 0.29 | |
18. MUD | 3.32 | 1.25 | -0.29 | / (0 < +) (+ < +) |
2. | ||||
25. MUD ( ) | 3.19 | 1.19 | 0.71 | / (+ > 0) (+ >0) |
32. MUD | 3.51 | 1.07 | 0.67 | / (+ > +) (+ > 0) |
3. ( ) MUD ( ) | 3.70 | 1.12 | 0.48 | (+ > +) (+ > +) |
26. MUD, , | 3.03 (=3) | 1.22 | 0.29 | |
19. MUD , .. | 3.14 | 1.16 | 0.27 | (+ > -) |
3. - | ||||
12. MUD, | 3.54 | 0.99 | 0.37 | (+ > +) |
30. MUD , | 2.82 | 1.05 | 0.34 | (- > -) (0 > -) (0 > -) |
4. MUD | 1.97 | 1.06 | -0.68 | / (- < -) |
5. MUD , - , | 2.87 | 1.13 | -0.20 | (- < 0) (- < 0) |
4. | ||||
13. MUD | 4.44 | 0.72 | 0.75 | (+ < +) (+ < +) |
17. MUD ( ) | 3.47 | 1.11 | 0.57 | / (+ > +) (+ > +) |
8. MUD | 4.07 | 0.90 | 0.59 | (+ > +) |
2. MUD | 3.79 | 1.03 | 0.40 | |
28. MUD, , | 2.64 | 1.13 | 0.30 | |
10. , , | 3.34 | 1.11 | 0.29 |
. 52
|
|
2. ()
. | ||||
5. - | ||||
31. MUD | 3.77 | 1.04 | 0.93 | (+ > +) |
16. , MUD, , | 3.91 | 1.04 | 0.90 | (+ > +) (+ < +) (+ < +) |
2. MUD | 3.79 | 1.03 | 0.21 | |
7. MUD | 2.25 | 0.98 | -0.12 | (- < - /(- < -) (- > - |
6. | ||||
20. MUD | 4.31 | 0.76 | 0.74 | (+ > +) (+ < +) |
1. MUD | 4.01 | 0.83 | 0.63 | (+ > +) (+ < +) |
24. MUD, | 4.45 | 0.71 | 0.38 | (- < -) (+ > +) |
, | ||||
9. MUD , | 2.96 (=3) | 1.08 | /(0 >-) | |
15. MUD | 2.03 | 0.89 | ||
22. MUD, | 3.48 | 1.15 |
. :
(, ) - , : [] - 21 , [] - 20 ( N 32).
(, ) - , : [] [] ( N 33). (, ) - , MUD: [] - 3 , [] - 3 ( N 37).
/ (, ) - , : [] - 15 , [] - 15 ( N 38).
(, ) - , : [] - , [ ] - , ( N 40).
(, ) - , : ] - , [ ] - ( N 40).
|
|
"<" ">" .
"+", "-" "0" - , , ( 0.1) .
, , (+ > -) , - ( ), ( ). (- < -) , 21 , , 21 . 0.1 .
. 53
, . , , ; , , . , .
, , , (N 5 30) . .
, .
, , MUD, . , , - ( ), . - MUD. , . , , , : 19.4% , ; 6.4% , .
, , , ; , . - , , , .
( 3 ) , ( 3 ). , , , MUD: .
. , 15 (.. ), , 15 , , MUD , . , , , , , , , . , ; , .
, / . , : N 3 ( ( ) MUD ( ) ), N 19 ( MUD , .. ) N 32 ( MUD ). . , , , MUD .
, , , ( ) (, ). - . . , , ; , , MUD, . . , , -
. 54
, - .
( ) (N 1 - 32), , . [8] 6 . . - . 3 , .
6 :
1 " " "" " ": ; ; ; ; , ; . , , MUD " ".
2 " ": - ; MUD, ; .
3 " <--> " , , .
4 " " , ; , ; ; . , MUD .
5 " <--> " , MUD , , , .
6 " " , MUD; MUD .
(N 2, 10) .
, (. . 3 . 1).
, ( , ; ., , [13, 14]), .
() () - , . , , , , ; .
. , -, . , -
3. - -
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | |
F1 | 0.75 | |||||
F2 | .502 | 0.65 | ||||
F3 | .282 | .386 | 0.59 | |||
F4 | .357 | .209 | .346 | 0.65 | ||
F5 | .486 | .387 | .240 | .166 | 0.61 | |
F6 | .642 | .423 | .360 | .435 | .428 | 0.59 |
. -, .
. 55
. 1. .
( , ) ( ). , () ( ). ( > 0.05), . 1 , , . (. . 1), - - . 1 ( , ), .
. 56
. , , . , , . () , , .
. , i = 1,..., N- ( ), L - , L N. . , ,. "*" , , , -, , -, . , , - ; - , .
, , , , , , Ei, Vi. , , . , . , E ( "error" - ). , , - ( ) . .
. , .
. ( ) , , , , , . :
- χ2 df. , 2.
- CFI (Comparative Fit Index) - , 0 1. CFI 0.9, , .
- RMSEA (Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation) - . 0 1. 0.05.
, , . "" , , .
, 6- : χ2 = 430.889 338, χ2 / df = 1.27; CFI =.959; RMSEA =.028.
. 57
0.05.
, . 3.
1 2 (.502), .. " " . / . 3 (.282) , " " . 1 4 (.357) , " " . " " , 5 (.486), , .. 6 (.642).
, " ".
2 3 (.386), . MUD , .. 4 (.209): , . MUD , .. 5 (.387). MUD 6 - (.423).
3 4 (.346) , MUD . , , ( 5 .240) MUD ( 6 .360).
( 4) 6 (.435).
( 5) MUD , ( 6 .428).
-, . 3, , 0.05.
-, ( ), - , . , , , : 0.5 - 0.6 [19, . 109]. , .
. 1 -, . , .
, , , , , -. , 1 6 (" ") 21 (" "), 6 10 (" ") , , . 11 (" ") 18 ("MUD ") - MUD , . 27 (" ") 14 (" ") : . - , 29 (" ") 18 (" MUD ").
2 19 (" - ") 26 (" , , ") , - , 19 32 (" - ") , MUD . (19) (3). 32 25 ("
. 58
"), , , , : - . 32 25.
5 (" ") 30 (" ") (" <--> "), , .
13 (" ") 17 (" ") ( 4 " ") " <--> ".
, 5 6, .
, . 27 (" ") 8 (" ") " <--> ". 14 (" ") 13 (" ") - . , MUD ( 18), ( 19) ( 32). 21 (" ") 24 (" ") , , , , , . 4 (" ") 26 (" , , ") 28 (" , "), , . 28 E31 (" "). 7 (" ") 3 (" ") 25 (" ") , .
- ( 33 - 40), , -. 36 (" ") , . . 2 - , " ". ( χv2 = 773.304 578, CFI =.932, RMSEA =.031).
. 2 - . , , . : , . , , .
. 2, ( ) , , . ( .) . () : , . , , .
, 3 (" <--> ") , . , 5 ,
. 59
. 2. .
. 60
. "", ( 5), , , , . , , , .
5 - . ( 6).
, " " ( 1).
, .. , , . , : , , , , . , .
, ( 4), .
2 (" ") , , .
, , 352 - MUD. 347 . - (90%), 23 ; ; ; - 3 ; 5 .
MUD , (, ); , ; ; ; . , , ; , . MUD , . MUD , , , , .
6 . , . .
1, " " "", : MUD " " . " " , - . " " (1-) (4-). .
, " ", , - , - MUD. ( 6), ( 2) - .
3 (" <--> ") 5 (" <--> ") "". , " ". "" (.. ) MUD. , , . , - . MUD "" .
. 61
, .
1. , " ", - MUD.
2. , , ( -).
3. , , .
, - MUD " ", .
1. . ., . ., . . // . . 14. . 2003. N 3. . 79 - 96.
2. . . // . . 1999. . 20. N 1. . 126 - 132.
3. . ., . . // / . . . . .: , 2002. . 244 - 277.
4. . ., . . "" // . 2003. N 1. . 35 - 43.
5. . ., . . . .: , 1995.
6. . . // 3- (, 15 - 17 2003 .). . .: , 2003. . 358 - 361.
7. . . // . ., 1996. . 113 - 114.
8. . ., . . : . . .: , 2001.
9. . : (MUD) // / . . . . .: -. 2000. . 77 - 99.
10. . ., . . : . : . .: , 2001. . VI. . X.
11. . ., . . // . .: , 1988. . N 1. . 30 - 66.
12. . . : // . . 1999. . 20. N 1.. 86 - 102.
13. Bentler P.M. EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino, C.A.: Multivariate Software, Inc., 1995.
14. Byrne B.M. Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Thousand Oaks, C.A.: SAGE, 1994. URL http://www.education.umd.edu/EDMS/EDMS723S03.doc.
15. Csikszentmihalyi M. Beyond boredom and anxiety: experiencing flow in work and play. San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
16. Heidman L., Sharafi P. Early use of Internet-based educational resources: Effects on students' engagement modes and flow experience // Behaviour & Information Technology. 2004. V. 23. N 2. P. 137 - 146.
17. McKenna K., Lee S. A love affair with MUDs: Flow and Social Interaction in Multi-User Dungeons. 1995. URL http: // www.fragment.nl/mirror/various/McKenna_et_al.nd.A_love_affair_with_muds.html
18. Novak T., Hoffman D. The Row experience among Web users: Measurement and Structural Models. 1997. URL http://elab.vanderbilt.edu/research/papers/pdf/manu-scripts/Flow-ModelWorkingDec1997-pdf.pdf.
19. Pedhazur E.J., Schmelkin L. Measurement, Design and Analysis. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1991.
20. Reinberg F., Engeser S., Vollmeyer R. Measuring components of flow: the flow-shot-scale // 1st International positive psychology summit. Washington, D.C., 2002.
21. Rettie R. An exploration of flow during Internet use // Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy. 2001. V. 11. N 2. P. 103 - 113.
22. Turkle Sh. Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet. N.Y.: A Touchstone Book, 1995.
23. Utz S. Social information processing in MUDs: the development of friendships in virtual worlds // J. of online behavior. 2000. V. 1. N 1. URL http: // www.behav- ior.net/JOB/v 1 n 1/utz.html.
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