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Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.




 

1) Transportation concerns the movement of products from a destination to a source.

2) Water transportation is the most expensive and slowest means of freight transport.

3) The first steamship built in New York had sails and paddles.

4) In the late 1950s a few ships with nuclear reactors for producing steam were being built.

5) Although the capacity of the engine is 44,000 h.p., it will need only a few grams of atomic fuel a day.

6) Powerful radiation accompanies the operation of the nuclear reactor.

7) Local governments control movements within territorial waters.

 

Complete the following sentences according to the text.

1) Transportation may take place via …

2) The raft made of logs of wood is the earliest …

3) One of the earliest steamboats was tested...

4) The rapid increase in the size and power of ships was promoted by...

5) Shipping also provides important ferry and...

6) The shipping industry is regulated at the global level by …

7) The United Nation’s International Maritime Organization oversees …

8) The International Labor Organization focuses on...

 

Answer the following questions.

 

1) What is water transportation generally used for?

2) What is the main advantage of water transportation?

3) Where did the water transport in ancient times develop most rapidly?

4) What allowed long voyages to be made with much greater safety?

5) Why did it become possible to build much larger ships by the middle of the 19th century?

6) What did the improvements introduced in the 20th century include?

7) Did the diesel engine begin to be introduced in ships between 1810 and 1820?

8) Is the ice-breaker equipped with reliable or unreliable means of protection?

9) What is the shipping industry regulated by?

10) What does the United Nation’s International Maritime Organization oversee?

11) What does the International Labor Organization focus on?

12) What do national and local governments control?

21. What parts of the text can you define? Do they correspond to the paragraphs? Name each part.

 

1. ________________ 4. ________________
2. ________________ 5. ________________
3. ________________ ... ________________

 

22. Find key words and phrases which best express the general meaning of each part.

 

23. Make a short summary of Text A. Do it according to the following plan.

 

1. The title of the text is ….

2. The text is devoted to ….

3. It consists of … (parts / passages).

4. The first passage deals with ….

5. The second (third, forth, etc.) passage deals with ….

6. The main idea of the text is ….

 

 

VOCABULARY

 

24. Practice saying the following words.

 

archipelago [ˌɑːkɪ'peləgəu] maneuver [mə'nuːvə]
canal [kə'næl] nautical ['nɔːtɪk(ə)l]
fairway ['fɛəweɪ] occur [ə'kɜː]
harbour ['hɑːbə] piloting ['paɪlətɪŋ]

 

Read and memorize the active vocabulary.

 

Nouns and noun phrases


archipelago - архипелаг; группа островов

bay- залив

canal - канал

coast - побережье

depth - глубина

fairway - фарватер; проход

harbour - гавань

icebreaking - вскрытие ледяного покрова

maneuvering ability - способность к маневрированию

marking of lanes - обозначение морских путей

nautical chart – навигационная карта

open-sea shipping - судоходство в открытом море

open-water entrance - выход в открытые воды

piloting - лоцманская проводка судна

port - порт

river shipping - речное судоходство

rule - правило

shipping lane - морской путь

strait - пролив

surrounding waters - прибрежные воды

traffic intensity - интенсивность движения

traffic separation system - система разделения судопотока

underwater topography - рельеф дна

weather conditions - погодные условия

width - ширина

карта


Verbs and verbal phrases


to affect - влиять, воздействовать

to approve - одобрять, утверждать

to connect - соединять

to maintain - поддерживать; обслуживать

to occur - происходить, случаться

to perform - выполнять, исполнять


Adjectives


considerable - значительный

narrow - узкий

unfavourable - неблагоприятный


Proper Names

the Sea Security Agency of the United Nations - Агентство безопасности на морях при Организации Объединённых наций

 

READING

 

26. Read the text and answer the questions below.

TEXT B

Shipping

Seas, rivers and lakes have been trafficked by boats and ships since the earliest times. Today shipping is larger than ever. The great majority of all freight transport to, from and between the countries in sea areas occurs on ships. In addition to transportation of goods there is a considerable passenger transport.

The infrastructure of shipping consists of the shipping lane system maintained by the state and harbour service. Shipping lanes connect the harbours and give prerequisites for shipping through the supplied service of nautical charts, marking of lanes, piloting and ice breaking.

Shipping may be divided into open-sea shipping, river shipping and inland shipping. The river traffic, mostly with barges, is considerable on many of the larger world rivers. Lakes are trafficked similarly with the rivers or canals that connect them with surrounding waters.

Along the coasts traffic is focused in the ship lanes close to the ports. Little commercial shipping is performed in the protected fairways, especially in archipelago areas. The marking of fairways on open-water entrances and over straits and bays is usually narrow. There is thus a limit to the size of the ships in such waters. A number of factors, such as vessel size and manoeuvering ability, traffic intensity, exposure to weather and wind and over- and underwater topography affect the width of the fairways. The use of the archipelago fairways is limited by water depth.

The traffic separation system is a rout system approved by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the Sea Security Agency of the United Nations. The traffic separation system is marked on nautical charts. It is mainly used by coastal and through traffic. Ships longer than 20 meters shall, according to the shipping rules, use traffic routes. Smaller ships are obliged to use the water between land and the actual traffic separation system.

Smaller fishing boats exhibit a transport pattern between the open sea and the port. When weather conditions are unfavourable, the fishing boats use the protected fairways along the coasts.

 

1) Today shipping is smaller than ever, isn’t it?

2) What does the infrastructure of shipping consist of?

3) What do shipping lanes do?

4) What may shipping be divided into?

5) What factors affect the width of the fairways?

6) What is the use of the archipelago fairways limited by?

7) Is the river traffic significant on many of the larger world rivers?

8) What is a rout system approved by?

9) Where is the traffic separation system marked on?

10) What are smaller ships obliged to?

11) When do the fishing boats use the protected fairways along the coasts?

 

 

VOCABULARY

 

27. Practice saying the following words.

 

bulkhead ['bʌlkhed] longitude ['lɔnʤɪt(j)uːd]
chronometer [krɔ'nɔmɪtə] pier [pɪə]
gyrocompass ['ʤaɪərəuˌkʌmpəs] radar ['reɪdɑː]
latitude ['lætɪt(j)uːd] sextant ['sekstənt]

 





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