Assignment 1
| a) steel | c) self-propelled | e) river and lake |
| b) classified | d) propulsion | f) equipped |
A great variety of ships may be 1)_______ into: civil shipsand war ships. All they may be classified according to place of navigation, hull material, propulsion system, propulsion.
According to the place of navigation ships may be divided into (a) ocean and sea-going ships, (b)2)_______ ships and (c) coasters.
According to the hull material ships may be: wooden, 3)_______, reinforced, from aluminum alloys, plastic and compound.
Referring to propulsion system ships are divided into non-propelling ships (such as barges, sailors) and 4)_______ ships (such as steamships, motorships 5)_______ with internal combustion engine, electric propulsion ships, nuclear propulsion ships).
According to 6)_______ ships are divided into floating, gliding, hydrofoil craft and hovercraft (air-cushion ships).
Assignment 2
| a) weather | c) developed | e) speeds |
| b) shipyards | d) fast | f) engines |
Torpedo boat is a small 1)_______ warship built specially for using the torpedo as a means of attack. The first modern torpedo boat was the Lightning, built for the British navy in 1877 by the 2)_______ of Sir John Isaac Thornycroft. Torpedo boats were adopted by most of the world's major navies, but as they increased in size the destroyer was 3)_______ as an effective defense against them. During World War II torpedo boats, often referred to as PT boats, were commonly used in attacking enemy coastal shipping and light naval forces under cover of darkness and bad 4)_______. They were usually wooden vessels 22.8-38.1 m long, powered by gasoline or diesel 5)_______ and capable of very high 6)_______.
Notes:
torpedo boat -
destroyer - ,
10. Translate the following phrases paying attention to Participle I and Participle II.
Vessel propelled by sail; dugouts made from hollowed-out logs; boats made of acacia wood and held together with pegs; fore-and-aft planks laid with their edges flush; overlapping edges; planks running diagonally; planking consisting of large sheets of plywood; molded fiberglass; a parallel float attached by projecting arms; overhanging bow; a skiff having a mat-covered cabin with living quarters; elevated bow and stern; the fishing boats built on Viking principles; flat-bottomed craft easily transported on shipboard and used in the entire North Atlantic.
11. Choose the correct translation of the sentence.
The Viking boats were believed to be the first clinker-built boats.
a) , , .
b) , , .
) , , .
12. Study the following chart and according to it complete the sentences below.
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According to the type of main machinery ships are classified into
According to type of propulsion device ships may be with...
All ships can be classified into and war ships.
The main indications of ships classification are
According to their duties all civil ships may be
According to sailing area civil ships are divided into
are taken into account according to architectonic-structural type.
Kind of material employed in hull structure may include
READING
13. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
TEXT A
The Varieties of Boats
Boat is a small, open nautical vessel propelled by sail, oar, pole, paddle, or motor. The use of the term boat for larger vessels, although common, is somewhat improper, but the line between boats and ships is not easy to draw. A number of special types of boat are generally referred to by their individual names rather than by the generic term, e.g., the canoe, the kayak (Eskimo decked canoe), and the umiak (Eskimo open boat). Simple dugouts, made from hollowed-out logs, have been known since prehistoric times to all peoples dwelling on waterways. The ancient Egyptians used boats made of acacia wood and held together with pegs. Modern wooden boats are built in four ways: with fore-and-aft planks laid with their edges flush (carvel-built); with fore-and-aft planks laid with overlapping edges (clinker-built); with inner and outer layers of planks running diagonally in opposite directions; and with planking consisting of large sheets of plywood. Many boats, however, are now made of molded fiberglass or of aluminum. Primitive boats in many parts of the world are stabilized by an outrigger a parallel float attached by projecting arms. The varieties of boats in modern use are almost infinite. The Chinese junk, with high poop and overhanging bow, is large enough to be classified as a ship; the junk, together with the sampan (a wide, flat-bottomed skiff, often having a mat-covered cabin with living quarters), is a familiar sight in the rivers and coastal waters of East Asia. The lateen-rigged dhow, in which energetic Arab merchants of the Middle Ages plied their trade along all the shores of South Asia and East Africa, is still in use today. A familiar local craft on the Mediterranean is the flat-bottomed, canoelike, pole-driven gondola of the Venetian canals. A typical Mediterranean vessel of ancient times was the galley, usually propelled by oars. Because the northern seas were stormier, the Viking boats, which the Norsemen were building by the 5th century AD, were more seaworthy; they were believed to be the first clinker-built boats. Deckless or half-decked, with elevated bow and stern, these early boats took the Norsemen to all the coasts of Europe and across the Atlantic. The later rugged whaleboat was developed from the Viking type of construction and came to be used for numerous purposes. The fishing boats of the North and Baltic seas, also built on Viking principles, are roughly similar to whaleboats. Another important fishing boat is the dory, a small, versatile, flat-bottomed craft easily transported on shipboard and used in the entire North Atlantic.
COMPREHENSION CHECK
