1 law [lͻ:] ,
Law is a system of rules.
2 rule ; ; ; ; ;
3 regulation (regulations) ,
4 a legal system ; , ;
5 judicial system - , ,
6 crime - ; , , ; ,
crime = transgression [trænz΄greʃәn], offence [ә΄fens], violation [͵vaiә΄leiʃәn], delinquency [di΄liŋkwensi], wrongdoing [΄rͻŋdu:iŋ]
7 to punish - ; ;
Punishment - ,
Task II
Read and translate the text.
LAW
1. citizen [΄sitizən] - 1) ; ( -. );
2. to obey [o΄bei] - , , (to obey the law / rules , )
3. Common Law - ( ); , ; ;
4. Roman Law -
5. Civil Law -
6. Canon Law - ,
7. Martial Law - ,
8. custom - , ( , )
9. judge
10. jurisprudence - , , ,
11. codify [΄kəudifai] - ;
12. affair [ə΄fεə]
13. statute law [΄stætʧu:t] - , ; , , " "
14. to establish -
15. to maintain - ,
Law is the whole system of rules that citizens of a country or place must obey.
There are different types of law. They are Common Law, Roman Law (Civil Law), Canon Law, and Martial Law.
Common Law(in England) has developed from old customs and from past decisions made by judges, not created by Parliament.
Roman Law is Civil Law. Roman Law is another term for Civil Law.
Roman Law is the system of jurisprudence of ancient Rome. The law was codified and formed the basis of many modern legal systems.
Civil Lawis any system of law based on the Roman system to distinguish from the Common Law, Canon Law, and International Law. Civil Law (Roman Law ) deals with the affairs of private citizens rather than with crime. Roman Law (Civil Law) can be called Statute Law. Statute Law isthe whole group of written laws.
Canon Law is the laws of Christian Church.
Martial Lawis the law established and maintained by the military in the absence of civil law. The army controls an area instead of the police.
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Read the text once again and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Law is the rules that citizens must obey.
2. There is a unique type of law.
3. Common Law is a written law.
4. Roman Law and Civil Law are different types of law.
5. Roman Law is a modern legal system.
6. Civil Law is codified.
7. Canon Law is Martial Law.
Match each word or phrase in column A with a meaning in column B.
A B
| 1. law | a) the body of law based on judicial decisions and custom |
| 2. rule | b) an authoritative regulation or direction |
| 3. citizen | c) the system of jurisprudence of ancient Rome, codified, and forms the basis of many modern legal systems |
| 4. obey | d) to carry out instructions or orders |
| 5. Common Law | e) an inhabitant of a city or town |
| 6. Roman Law | f) the rule of law established and maintained by the military in the absence of civil law |
| 7. Canon Law | g) the science or philosophy of law |
| 8. Martial Law | h) any system of law based on the Roman system |
| 9. jurisprudence | i) the law governing the affairs of a Christian Church |
| 10. Civil Law | j) a rule or set of rules |
Task III
Read and translate the text.
THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM OF LAW
1. Constitutional [͵kͻnsti΄tju:ʃәnәl] Law - ,
2. Administrative [әd΄ministrәtiv] Law
3. Criminal Law
4. International Law
5. Financial Law
6. Employment Law
7. leading ,
8. principal , ,
9. source - ,
10. state system
11. state power
12. legal status - ; ,
13. legal form -
14. executive [ig΄zekjutiv] ,
15. activity ,
16. define -
17. criminal responsibility -
18. individual type of crime ,
19. apply to - ,
20. criminal - ; , ; , ,
21. criminal code -
22. budget [΄bʌʤit] - ;
23. taxation [tæk΄seiʃin] - ; ;
24. state credit -
The system of law in Russia consists of different categories of law.
They are Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, International Law, Financial Law, Civil Law, Employment Law, and others.
Constitutional Law is a leading category of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country's Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.
Administrative Law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries.
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Criminal Law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Criminal law takes the form of a criminal code.
International Law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.
Financial Law regulates the budget, taxation, state credit and other spheres of financial activity.
Civil Law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right in property is the central institution of civil law.
Employment Law includes the legislation on the employment of industrial and office workers. It regulates matters arising from employment relations.
