, , .
CH2=CH2 CH2=CHCH3 CH3CH=CHCH3 CH3=CHCHCH3
() () 2 1
: σ - ( ) π - ( p - σ - ).
, , sp2, 120, p - ,
σ - .
, π-, , . (48):
:
:
- - :
( )
( π-):
:
H2=2 + 2 CH33 2=2 + Br2 BrCH2CH2Br
2) :
2=2 + 32
3) :
) () )
C2H2 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O 2=2 + O + 2 OH22OH
KMgO2
4) :
n CH2=CH2 [CH2CH2] n
3 (1)
(, , , - , ).
, , , , .
, , , . | , . | , . | (O, N, F) . | |
, . | , . | |||
Na 1e → Na+ Cl + 1e → Cl Na+Cl | H + H → H H F + F → F F | H + F → Hδ+ Fδ | ||
, . | , , | |||
NaF, KCl | F2, Br, , | HF | Na, Al, Cu, | HF, H2O, |
3 (2)