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. m´n, m- , n- , , . . , . aij, i- , j- .

=

 

. , . , :

. () , () .

cij = aij bij

= + = + .

 

() () .

 

a (+) =a a

(ab) = a b

 

 

. = ; B = , 2 + .

2 = , 2 + = .

 

 

: , :

A×B = C;

.

, , .

 

1) , .. ¹ . , = , .

, .

.

× = × =

, :

A×O = O; O×A = O,

.

2) , .. (), (), :

()=().

3) , .. (+) (+), :

( + ) = +

( + ) = + .

4) , a :

a(AB) = (aA)B = A(aB).

 

5) , :

() = ,

.

6) , det (AB) = detA×detB.

. = = .

= × = .

= × = 2×1 + 4×4 + 1×3 = 2 + 16 + 3 = 21.

. = , =

= × = = .

 

()

. = , :

det A = ,

1 , k . , , .. , .

, :

det A =

, , .. :

 

detA = , i = 1,2,,n.

, .

1.

1 a1k. , , . .

. aij , i- j- .

 

. =

= -5 + 18 + 6 = 19.

 

:. = , = . det (AB).

1- : det A = 4 6 = -2; det B = 15 2 = 13;

det (AB) = det A ×det B = -26.

 

2- : AB = ,

det (AB) = 7×18 - 8×19 = 126 152 = -26.

 

 

. , , , . s , s.

, , .

, .

 

 

. , (-1) , .

, , , , , , .

. s i1, ,is, , .

 

 

, .

. , :

XA = AX = E,

- , , -1.

, .

.

, :

AX = E Þ , i=(1,n), j=(1,n),

eij = 0, i ¹ j,

eij = 1, i = j.

, :

,

, .

 

. = , -1.

 

 

 

, -1= .

 

, , :

 

,

 

ji - ji .

 

. = , -1.

det A = 4 - 6 = -2.

 

M11=4; M12= 3; M21= 2; M22=1

x11= -2; x12= 1; x21= 3/2; x22= -1/2

, -1= .

 

. = , 3.

2 = = = ; A3 = = .

 

, .

 

 

. .

 

= -1

 

= -1(6 4) 1(9 1) + 2(12 2) = -2 8 + 20 = 10.

 

= = 2(0 2) 1(0 6) = 2.

 

= = 2(-4) 3(-6) = -8 + 18 = 10.

: -10 + 6 40 = -44.

 

. m´n r , , r+1 , , .. r m n.

, , .

, .

. Rg .

 

. .

 

~ ~ , RgA = 2.

 

: .

 

~ ~ ~ , Rg = 2.

. .

 

~ , Þ Rg = 2.

 





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