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. , (John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690), , , , . . , , , ( , ) , (1975, . ) (John Perry, Personal Identity) (1976, . . ) (Amelie . Rorty, The Identities of Persons), California Press. (Bernard Williams, Problems of the Self. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1973).

? (, , , , , ) . , . . . , 1948 (Willard V. . Quine, On What There Is, Review of Metaphysics). , (From a Logical Point of View, Cambridge, Mass.: Harward University Press, 1953). (Word and Object, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1960) (Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, New York: Columbia University Press, 1969) . , (David and Stephanie Lewis, Holes, Australian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 48, 1970, pp. 206212), . , ? ? (Daniel Dennett, Content and Consciousness, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1969), , , , , , .

. (ed. R. L. Gregory, Oxford Companion to the Mind, New York: Oxford University Press). E. P. (R. W. Thacher and . R. John, Foundations of Cognitive Processes, Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1977, p. 294); (J. R. Lackner and . Garrett, Resolving Ambiquity: Effects of Biasing Context in Unattended Ear, Cognition, 1973, pp. 359372).

 

 

I.

. , , (Steven Boër and William Lycan, Who, Me?, The Philosophical Review, vol. 89, 1980, pp. 427466). , (Hector-Neri Castaneda and Peter Geach) (John Perry and David Lewis).

, , , James J. Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1979) , (, , , ) . ., , 7, . (Shimon Ullman, Against Direct Perception, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, September, 1980, pp. 373415). (Raymond Smullyan, The Tao is Silent, New York, Harper & Row, 1975). . Paul Rep, Zen Flesh, Zen Bones, New York, Doubleday Anchor.

, , . (Adolph Baker, Modern Physics and Anti-physics, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1970). (Richard Feynman, The Character of Physical Law, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1967). , , (J. Jauch, Are Quanta Real? Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973) (Richard Feynman, Robert Leighton and Matthew Sands, The Feynman Lectures in Physics, vol. III, Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 1963). (Max Jammer, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1966). , (ed. Ted Bastin, Quantum Theory and Beyond: Essays and Discussions Arising from a Colloquium, Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1971). , , (Eugene Wigner, Symmetries and Reflections, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1970).

, , (. S. Dewitt and N. Graham, eds., The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973). (Paul Davies, Other Worlds, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981).

, , (Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, Cambridge, Mass.: Harward University Press, 1980). , , , , . - ? ( ), , - . , . , (Douglass Hofstadter, Gray Clossman and Marsha Meredith, Shakespeares Plays Werent Written by Him, but by Someone Else of the Same Name, Indiana University Computer Science Dept. Technical Report 96), (Daniel Dennett, Beyond Belief, in Andrew Woodfield, ed., Though and Object, New York, Oxford University Press, 1981). Meaning Reference and Necessity, ed. by Simon Blackburn (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1975) , .

. (Julian James, The Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1976). , , , , . , , , ! , , , . , , , . , , (Friedrich Nietzsche, Die fronliche Wissenschaft, 1882).

 

 

II.

. , , (Ned Block, The Philosophical Review, Jan. 1981, pp. 543). , , ( ), , . ; , , , (Joseph Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason, San Francisco, Freeman, 1976). , -, (Simulation of Belief Systems, in Computer Models of Thought and Language, Roger C. Schank and Kenneth M. Colby, eds., San Francisco, Freeman, 1973). , , , Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery (vol. 17, no. 9, September 1974, p. 543). , , , : , . - - ! ; . (J. F. Heiser, K. M. Colby, J. S. Faught and K. C. Parkinson, Can Psychiatrists Distinguish a Computer Simulation of Paranoia from the Real Thing? in the Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 15, 1980, pp. 14962).





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