:
1/ 4 Q 13- ,
3 / 4 Q 38-. 2- 4- .
Q 4 4 0,8 7,2
4 4 = + ⋅ ≈
−
= + ⋅ ;
Q 12 4 16
3 50
12 4 = + ≈
−
⋅
= + ⋅ .
, 7
16 .
,
3 :
, , .
:
-
.
,
x = Me = Mo;
Mo Me.
,
.
.
() , ..
.
.
:
R,
d,
() δ 2,
δ,
R
, :
max min R = x − x.
.
, ,
.
, ,
max min ,
..
d
,
.
.
|
|
:
N
X x
d
N
i
i Σ=
−
= 1 - ;
Σ
Σ
=
=
− ⋅
= m
i
i
m
i
I i
n
X x n
d
.
,
.
:
,
.
σ 2
,
.
:
N
X x
N
i
i Σ=
−
= 1
()
σ;
Σ
Σ
=
=
− ⋅
= m
i
i
m
i
I i
n
X x n
()
σ.
b ( ),
.
.
.