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7,6.3. Ethernet
Ethernet . . Ethernet . , . , , .
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Ethernet , CSMA/CD. --. - IEEE 802.3. - 10 100 /. - , UTP.
Ethernet (), . 641518 , 18 , 46 1500 .
925 . 1024.
7.6.4. Token Ring
Token Ring IBM 1984 . IBM . 1985 .
Token Ring ANSI/IEEE (ANSI - ISO ).
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TCP/IP :
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - E-mail;
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ;
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) .
TCP/IP , . . - . TCP/IP . TCP/IP , TCP/IP .
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1. .
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7.9. Internet
Internet interconnected networks { ). . - , , .
1969 . ARPAnet 4 : University of California Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, University of Utah. , . 1972 . Internetting Project . , . 1974 . , Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). 1983 . ARPAnet TCP/IP. 1989 . (CERN, , ) - World Wide Web, , . 1995 . , , .
, , . , , (. 7.8). . , , , , . , ISP (Internet Service Provider), ISP. backbone.
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. 7.8. Internet
. .
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: . Internet. IP TCP , . , HTTP , FTP , SMTP .
, , . . , .
: IP (Internet Protocol - ) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol - ). TCP/IP . (Token Ring, Ethernet .), , . . . . , , .
, , . SMTP, TCP/IP. TCP, , , .