.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





. .

 

 

, , :
, . , 2004 .

{ark # mksat. net}


.

.

137 , .

 

 

1958


, , . . , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) ( ), ) (- ).

, , , . .

, :

1. .

2. . , -

, . , -

3


, . , .

. , - , , , . , , . , . ; ; , . .

, , , . , , .. . , . ; . . , , .

, . , , , . ? , . , . , .

, .


, . , . , . , - .

, , . , , , - . - . ( ) . (. ) , , . . . , , . , ; , , - . , , . . , , , , , . , ( , ), .

. , .

4


, . , , , .

. , , . , , .

, , , .

1- . . . , . . , ; . . . , . . , . . , . . . . , 1- , .


, , . , ) ) . , , , , .

, 1 . 2. , , , , , , .

, . . , - , -

1 . , 1 6, 1954 1, 1955. 2 . . . . , 2, 1954.


- , , 1

. , , . , ( ), . , , , 2.

.

. . . . , , ... , ...3 . . , , - - , : , , -, - . .4

. . ,

. . . , 5, 1954, . 7.

2 . , . 442.

3 . . , , 5, 1954, . 79 80.

4 . . . . - . ., 1955, . 56.

8


-, , .

, , , , . . , , , , -, .

, , . , : . .

, - , .

, .

. stilus , . , ( ) - , , .

, , . . . -


, .

: . , , . , , .

. . , , , . , . , .

. , , , . ; ; , ; ( ); ; ( , , , ); .

. - , . .


, (, , , . .) , .1

, , , . , , , , : ... , , , , , , , .2

, , , ' : , , , .

, , .

. , , . , : , , . , , , , . -

1 . . ., 1936, . 176.

2 , . 179.

 

11


, ( . .).1

, - , . : ... , , , ; , , .2

. , , , , , .

, , . , , , , .

, . , , , . : , , , .

, , . , : _..., ..., - ..., ..., .

1 George Saintsbury. Miscellaneous Essays, Lnd., 1895, p. 84.

2J. Middleton Murray. The Problem of Style, Oxford University Press, Lnd., 1942, pp. 6-7.


. . . , , , 1955 , , . , .1

- , , , ( . .), , , .2

. . . . :

, , 3.

, . . , *.

, , . , , . .5. -. -

1 Lucas F. L. Style, Cassel and Co. Ltd., Lnd., 1955, pp. 16,35.

2 . , , ., 1937, . 177.

3 . . , - . . , ., 1952, . 8.

4 . . 6, 1952.

5 . V 1 1 i n s G. H., Better English, Lnd., 1955; 1 t i , Richard D., Preface to critical reading N.Y., 1956; F e r n a l d J., Expressive English, N.Y. Lnd., 1919 .


, .

, - . - . , , . , . , , , , , , . . .

: (Le style est l'homme meme).

, (... une maniere de voir).

, , : - , , .

, .

. . : , , 1 : ... ... , ( ), 2.

1 Middleton Murray. The Problem of Style, Oxford University Press, Lnd., 1942, p. 71

2 I b i d, . 95.


. , . (a quality of language).

, , , , , , , , .

- , , , , , . . , , . - .

: ... .... (a vaguely metaphysical phrase), , . ( . . .)1

, . , ; , . - .

1J. Middleton Murray. The Problem of Style, Oxford University Press, Lnd., 1942, p. 7 8.


, , , XIX , , : . : ... .

- : , , . . , , : , .

. .

:

1) , ;

2) ;

3) .

, , , , , .

, . , , : , , , . , . :


( ), ( , ), ( , ) . . ... , ...1. , . , , . . , . , .

, . , . , , , , .

. , , - .

. . . .

-. , , , , , -

1 . . , , . ., 1930, . 125.

2 323 17


.1

. . , , , , , .2

, . , . . , , . .

, . . (); , , ; , ; , , . , , . , .

. , , . . , , , .

1 . . . . . . -, . 1, . V, 1941, . 16.

2 . . . . . . -, . 1, . V, 1941, . 18.


.. :

. . .1

, . . . , , . , , , , , . .

, , , . , , , . . , , . ., , , . . , (., , - , .)

, , . ,

1 . . 5, 1954, . 14.


, , . , , whilome, wrought ., XIX , , XX .

, . .

, . , .

, , . , , , . , , . ? , ? .

, , . , , house palace , , - .

, , . . , , . , , . , , , .


, , . , ( ). , . 37 , , . 11 , , - , .

, , . sky welkin heaven. . Welkin , heaven - (. heavens) sky . big great huge bulky massive large (. ).

, . , . , , . , big ; , massive, huge, large. , , massive, big . massive, big .

. , naive simple, bizarre strange, menu bill-of-fare , , , ,

2!


: . , hearty cordial , . , . : . -, ; . , , , . Hearty (, hearty greetings); cordial (, cordial welcome). , , .

.

, "Oscar Wants to Know", opportunity , . , opportunity , , : Opportunity is a chance to make some money.

opportunity , :

In America every man has an equal opportunity.

, , , opportunity . occasion, chance opportunity , .

, . "Hard Times" -


, .

It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but, as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage.... It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye...

, . . , , , , , . , : , .

.

"A Sketch" fester (And festering in the infamy of years). welter. : weltering. weltering in blood; weltering in the wind, weltering on a gibbet? , . festering, , , . , , !.1 ( . .)

. , .

1 Murray, John, The Poetical Works of Lord Byron, Lnd., 1870. Page 469, note 2.

23


and , . , safe and sound, ways and means, trust and confidence, modes and manners . . (., , safe and sound, hale and hearty, modes and manners); (., , hale and hearty, wane and pale). . , soft and tender, inarticulate and dumb, delicate and sweet .

, . -. , , keen successful : went into business and keen and successful business he made of it (J. London).1

, , , , , - , . , , . "David Copperfield", . :

Again, Mr. Micawber had a relish in this formal piling up of words which, however ludicrously displayed in his case, was, I must say, not at all peculiar to him. I have observed it, in the course of my life, in numbers of men. It seems to me to be a general rule. In the taking of legal oaths, for instance, deponents seem to enjoy themselves mightily when they come to several good words in succession, for the expression of one idea; as, that they utterly detest, abominate, and abjure, or so forth; and the old anathemas were made relishing on the same principle. We talk about the tyranny of words, but we like to tyrannise over them too; we are fond of having a large superfluous establishment of words to wait upon us on great occasions; we think it looks important,

1 . . . "The Cricket on the Hearth", . 1, 1938.

24


and sounds well. As we are not particular about the meaning of our liveries on state occasions, if they be but fine and numerous enough, so the meaning or necessity of our words is a secondary consideration, if there be but a great parade of them. And as individuals get into trouble by making too great a show of liveries, or as slaves when they are too numerous rise against their masters, so I think I could mention a nation that has got into many great difficulties, and will get into many greater, from maintaining too large a retinue of words.

. , , . . : "Setting aside the palpable injustice and the certain inefficiency of the bill, are there not capital punishments sufficient in your statutes? Is there not blood enough upon your penal code, that more must be poured forth to ascend to Heaven and testify against you?"

, , . . Are there no capital punishments sufficient in your statutes? Is there not blood enough upon your penal code? , , : sufficient enough; statutes penal code , , capital punishments blood. . blood capital punishments .

: "When a proposal is made to emancipate or relieve, you hesitate, you deliberate for years, you temporise and tamper with the minds of men..."

, emancipate relieve; hesitate, deliberate temporise .

, . , (. ), , ,

25


. , . , , , , , . , without inquiry, without deliberation : "Sure I am, from what I have heard, and from what I have seen, that to pass the bill under all the existing circumstances, without inquiry, without deliberation, would only be to add injustice to irritation, and barbarity to neglect". a little investigation, some previous inquiry ... I think a little investigation, some previous inquiry, would induce them to change their purpose . .

- , "Christmas Carol" :... a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!

He . . .

, , , . .


. : ) , ( ) ) ( - ).

. , .

. , , , . } , . , , , (), . , .1 :

1 .

27


; (, ).

, , , , .

. , , , , , , , , , . ., . ..

, . , . . , , , , . , , , , . , , , .





:


: 2016-11-19; !; : 556 |


:

:

- - , .
==> ...

1885 - | 1837 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.161 .