, , .
:
| ( ) | ||
| HCOOH | ||
| CH3COOH | ||
| CH3(CH2)2COOH | ||
| CH3(CH2)3COOH | ||
| 2 = - | ||
| 3 = - | ||
| C6H5COOH | ||
| - | ||
| -2 - | ||
| -2 2 - | ||
| (2)3 - | ||
| (-) | -=- |
:
RCOOH 
RCOO- + +
, , . ( , ) ( ). CI3COOH 3. .
:
. , .. , .
1. . . , , :
2RCOOH + g → (RCOO)2Mg + 2,
2RCOOH + → (RCOO)2Ca + 2,
RCOOH + NaOH → RCOONa + 2,
RCOOH + NaHCO3→ RCOONa + 2 + 2↑.
, :
CH3COONa + HCl → 3 + NaCl.
:
3 + 2 3 + .
.
2. . (X) , RΗX; R . (RCN), , .
(V) :
R-CO-OH + l 5 → R-CO-Cl + l3 + HCl.
:
|
|
|
2R-CO-OH + 25 → (R-CO-)2O + 23.
( ):
:
R-CO-Cl + Na-O-R' → R-CO-OR' + NaCl.
:
3--l + N3 → 3--N2 + HCl.
, : to
CH3-COONH4 → CH3-CO-NH2 + 2
:
p2o5
CH3-CO-NH2 → CH3-C≡N + 2
3. C , . , , (α-): .
3-2- + r2 → 3-r- + r
4. :
2=- + 2 → 3-2-,
2=- + l2 → 2l-l-,
2=- + HCl → 2l-2-,
2=- + 2O → -2-2-,
.
.
5. - :
, .
, .
2. " ":
+ 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH → 2Ag + (NH4)2CO3 + 2NH3 + H2O,
:
+ g2 → 2g + 2 + 2.
. :
2S4()
→ + 2
6. . - ї . :
to
CH3-CH2-COONa + NaOH → 26↑ + Na2CO3
2 :
to
-2- → 3 + CO2↑
