, ( 30 80% ) , , , 104, -
101 . . -
//
. ( 1968 .). ., 1968, . 63.
102 Fenner F. Smallpox... p. 307.
103 Ibid., p. 304.
104 , , ,
: 64 22,
16 4, 8
7 (Conybeare . . //Monthly Bull. Minist. Hlth Lab. Serv. 1964;
60 ( , ), , . , ?
, , , . , . , - - : , (- , ); , 80% . (- , ); , , , (- , , 30 )105. , , . - 70 ( 1957 .): 400%, 308%, 300%, 397%, 179%, 1800%, 680%. , , XX . . , , , . , , -
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23:126-133, 150-59, 182-186. . :. . .
., 1971, . 76).
105 McBean E. The poisoned...
: . , . . (1963), . . (1964), . . (1965) , ( , ), . . (1964) . . . (1964) 2 - , , -... , , , ... . . , 106.
1959 ., 1960- . , , , , . , . , . , , ... 1967 ., 7 42 131 000 (, , 5% ). , : , , .
106 . . . . . . ., 1968, . 80 147. - . ., , Bichel J. Post-vaccinal smallpox lymphadenitis developing into Hodgkin's disease. Act. Med. Scand. 1976; 199:523-525.
, ... , 1972 . . , , . 107.
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, , . , . , , , - 108, : , , . , , . -. 1967-68 . - . 1968 ., 1969 .
107 . . . ., 1985, . 54-55.
108 , ,
, , :
, -
( . ., . .
. , 2001). , :
, ? ,
. , , ,
. , .
...
( . .
. ., 2000, . 125-126). , \
. 109 ( . . .).: , 1962 ., , . . 1973 . 110. 111.
, , , : , , ? , , , . , , , , . , , .
(horsegrease), , 1798 . . ( - - ), 1799 . , . . . ,
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109 Baxby D. Surveillance-containment is key to eradication of smallpox. BMJ 1995; 310:62.
110 . . ... . 64-65. (. . 85)
60 , ,
, !
1111111 , , 1960- . ,
, -
,
(Fenner F. Smallpox... p. 76).
112. . . , , , Poxviridae, . , . , Dermathophilus congolensis, . , XIX . (horsepox), , , , . , . , , , XIX . , , Poxviridae, Chordopoxviridae Orthopoxviridae, , (. ), (some unknown small wild animal)113, . 114, , , , , . , , 1901 .
112 Baxby D. Jenner's smallpox vaccine. The riddle of vaccinia virus and its origin. London, 1981,
pp. 171-178.
11113 , . 178.
114 , ,
. ,
XIX ., . .
Benett M., Baxby D. Smallpox. J. Med. Microbiol. 1995; (45):157-158.
- . 115 (, , , 1899 .), . , , , . - , , , , , . 1801 .116 ; , . , , - , , . 117, , , , , . , ( !) . . - , , , ?
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? , , , ,
115 Blaxall F. R. Report on equine variola. In Annual Report of the Local Government Board,
1901-2 (London: HMSO, 1903), pp. 568-9. . Baxby D. Jenner's... p. 178.
116 Loy J. An Account of Some Experiments on the Origin of the Cow Pox. London, 1801. .
no: Ibid., p. 176.
117 , . , ,
, (Crookshank E. M. History and
pathology of vaccination. London, 1889, vol.1, p. 394. . : Razzel P. The Origin of Vaccinia
Virus A Brief Comment. Soc. Hist. Med. Apr 1999; 12:1, p. 141).
( ). , XIX . , , -, , 118, ( , , Orthopoxviridae), . , , ( , , , , , , ; ), (. ). (, - ), , . , . , XIX . - 119. , ( ) , - , - , - , 120. , , , , , ( - ). , , -
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119 , .
120 , . , , , , !
, , XIX . , , .
, , , , . , ( , ), (, - ), - . , ( ) . , . - , 1865 . ( . , ), . , , , ( , , , ). , - Malandrinum ( ) Vaccininum ( ). , . ( , , ). , . , , ,
, , , - , , 121.
, , ( , ) . , , . , , . , -, , . , . 1960- . , , , , , variola, , . () 1930- ., (1901-1988) Orthopoxviridae ( ; , , 1947 .) Poxviridae.
121 , . (Thanawala, 1956) , 16,7%. . 121 25. , 40-50%. . , , ( . . ... . 18). , .
. , , . ( ). , , , , , , 122 ( !).
, . , - ? - , , . , , ( , , ), . , , . , , 123, 124 -
122 Baxby D. Indications for smallpox vaccination: policies still differ. Vaccine 1993; 11:395-396.
123 ,
: , ,
, , (,
, ). -
, ,
, . , ,
, (
!). ,
,
(
- . . , -
). , ,
(Baxby D. Edward Jenner's role in
the introduction of smallpox vaccine // Vaccinia... p. 62). ,
;
, ?
154 , . 1810 . :
, -
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, , ,
, .
. . ,
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. (1869-1927),
- . , , , , 125, , . , , .
, : ? : , - , . , , ( , , , , , ). . , . . , , (, , XIX . .), , , , , . , , , , , , . -