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15 : , 1889 . ( ), . . Razzel P. Edward Jenner's Cowpox Vaccine: The History of a Medical Myth. Caliban Books 2nd ed., 1980.


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. - ! ( ), , , ... . , , 1802 . , , . . , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , - . 10 . ( 2 ).

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. . , (1780-1863), , . 1800-1801 . 1802 . . , . 1806 . , , , , . , , : . , . , 1807 ., , , - . ( , , , , )16. -

16 , , . 1840 . : ; , . . : . . , 1873, . 28-29. , . (. )


, . 20 . . , 1808 . , . , , 17, , , , . , ; 18. , 1814 ., , . : 1814 . I, : , : , , , , , 19. 1823 . , . , , . .

XIX . ( -

XIX . , (Fenner F. et al. Smallpox and its eradication. WHO, Geneva, 1988, p. 271).

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19 . . . . . , 1891, . 58-59.

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20 , - , , : , , , , (Dr. F. Giel. Die Schutzpocken-Impfung in Baiern. Munchen, 1830, S. 166). - , , : , ; , ; , ; , (Dr. Krauss. Die Schutzpockenimpfung. Niirnberg, 1820. . : . ... 5-6 25-26). . , , , , .


, ( , 1754 . ) . , 1840 . , . . , . , , 21.

21 : , , jurare in verba magistri ( . . .), , . . ; , , ; , , , ; , ; , , , , , . , 3555- , , , , , . . , : , , - . (Die falschen Grundlagen des Reichs-Impfzwangsgesetzes von 1874, von Gustav Heymann, 1882, 16-17. . : . . . . , 1885, . 138-139). - , 1870 . ( 25 ): ... , . , , , - , , . , . , , . . . . , , . . . 80%, . 450 , 3000 ?.

, , , . , , , . 1853 . 1850 . , . , . , ( , 1807 .), , , , , . , , , , , 22 ( 1901 . , ).

22 , , , . , 1883 . : , ! , . . , , . , , . , , , , , , , (Vaccination Inquirer, 1883).


, , , , . 23. , , , , , 24. , . , , . , . 1867 . 14 . , , , . ( ,

23 - , , , : , , : , , . , , . , : ? : !. .

24 1814 .; 1861 . 44 63 , (Fenner F. Smallpox... pp. 264-265). - 1860 . 177 ( . . , , . , 1891, . 10). . 9- (. ) , 1854 ., , 1 . , , (1866-1925) 1906 . , , , .

) . : . , , , , . , , . ( ) -25.

1867 . . (Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League), . 1870- . . - 1874 . , ( ). , , , , -, , . . , , , , . , , , -.

1879 . (1830-1917) , -

25 . Durbach N. They Might As Well Brand Us: Working Class Resistance to Compulsory Vaccination in Victorian England. Soc. Hist. Med. 2000; (13)1:4562. - (- ), .


(Vaccination Inquirer). , 1885 . ( ). 1880 . , , (London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination). , 1867 . . 1896 . (National Anti-Vaccination League)26.

, , , , , , , , . , 1870- . , , , . 200 . , 42 . , . (, , , , , , ), . , . , , . , . 1880 .

26 ( ) . Porter D., Porter R. The Politics of Prevention: Anti-Vaccinationism and Public Health in Nineteenth-Century England. Medical History 1988; 32:231-252 , , MacLeod R. M. Law, Medicine and Public Opinion: The Resistance to Compulsory Health Legislation 1870-1907. Public Law 1967, pp. 107-128, 189-211. .

, . ( ) . . , , , , ( ), , , . , , , ... 27.

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