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FAQ

The possessive case (the possessive form of a noun)

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WHOSE?

apostrophe s of + noun
, , s childrens room   the cover of the chip
, :   a) , the girls name : the establishment of the committee
b) the governments decision a town of Yoshkar-Ola
c) , , , , : the citys new center  
d) , an hours rest five minutes walk : a five minute walk  
e) : tomorrows meeting todays newspaper  
f) : ship, boat, car. the ships crew  
g) , : sun, moon, earth: the suns ray, this earths life  

:

1. That old car of Jos is unsafe. A novel of Jim Kerrs has been made into a film. : , : An uncle of Mark
2. , , : we had two weeks holiday in Spain or we had a two-week holiday.
3. a/the bakers, a/the butchers.
4. s - : the PMs secretary, Selfridges, Claridges
5. s : My sister-in-laws guitar. The prince of Wales plane. Henry and Eights wives
6. of + , part / piece / slice: a piece of cake, a slice of bread

1. .

1. The ammeter is used to measure the value of ___.
a. current b. currents

2. The ___ are used for direct transformation of heat energy into electrical energy by means of thermal elements.
a. transistors b. transistors

3. The ____ design was much spoken of at the conference.
a. engineers b. engineers

4. The receiving station operation is greatly influenced by various ____.

a. factor b. factors

5. Visible light covers a very small part of the electromagnetic ____.
a. spectra b. spectrum

6. The engineers wanted this ___ to be investigated in their laboratory.
a. phenomenon b. phenomena

 

2. , . s (-es).

[s] [z ] [ iz ]

     

Circuit, base, device, element, fuse, bulb, tube, cycle, stage, amplifier, bias, stress, cord, bus, rotor, switch, graph, battery, laser, scientist, half, structure

 

3. , .
Mass (1) __ like to discuss exotic (2) __ pertaining to nature or space exploration. They choose different (3) __ to view conference proceedings or (4) __ of scientific (5) __which supply the reporters with the (6) __ they need and provide some useful (7) __ for (8) __ and evaluation of the (9) __ obtained. (10) __ of attention might vary from investigating, say, tiny creatures with sensitive (11) __ that live in (12) __, or strange species of (13) __ and (14) __, to researching the new flying (15) ___ and deriving (16) __ for calculating (17) __,(18) ___ of rotation and the velocities of distant planets to avoid possible (19) ___ in the (20) ____ to come.   a) analysis b) antenna c) apparatus d) aquarium e) axis f) cactus g) crisis h) criterion i) datum j) focus k) formula 1) gladiolus m) medium n) millennium o) phenomenon p) radius q) symposium r) stimulus s) spectrum t) thesis

4. , .

Many old fairy tales deal with different animals, both farm and wild. Very often (1) ___would go hunting some wicked (2)___or (3) ___who used to steal their hens or (4) ___ and whose sharp (5) ____ constantly threatened to harm cows and (6)____, (7)____or (8) ____.Usually (9) __ took care of the house while (10) ___would run in the yard or a nearby forest, their (11)____bare and (12)____simple. We could also find devoted dogs and clever cats, ever eager to help those (13)___, the former would watch their (14) ___ while the latter would inevitably chase (15)____ or play with babies. a) child b) people c) man d) woman e) foot f) tooth g) goose h) mouse i) fox j) wolf k) ox l) sheep m) swine n) cattle o) clothes

5. , .

1. The potato was the staple of Ireland, and when the crop failed in 1840,
  a b   c  
  there was mass starvations.
    d  
2. The shark can manoeuvre considerably faster than otherfish because
  a   b   C
  they have no bones.
  d  
3. Although sugar cane and sugar beet look very different, the sugars that is
    a   b   c  
  refined from them tastes almost the same.
    d  
4. Textiles industries are as widespread as food industries because both
  a   b  
  supply basichuman needs.
  c d  
5. Many animal species are totally colorsblind, but the condition is very
  a b c  
  rare in humans.
  d  
                                             

(The Article)

 

: (R) (W) .

  1. This is a man I was sitting next to at dinner yesterday.
  2. She could introduce you to the professor Jennings who made an opening speech at the previous meeting.
  3. Beaver is water and land animal of rat family with a broad flat tail and a valuable fur.
  4. Beatles, the British popular music group became one of the most successful groups.
  5. A flier is a leaflet produced for advertising purposes and given to people in the street.
  6. Nancy adores the cats but, personally, I can't stand Siamese cat she keeps at home.
  7. She came to balcony to listen to guitar her admirer was playing.
  8. Every Sunday my uncle took the vegetables to the market.
  9. King Cross is an area of London where there are two main line railway stations and an Underground station.
  10. The University of London originally formed out of University College and King's College in 1836.

 

a/an :

1. . When I write, I always use a pen.

2. , , . This is a dictionary. His sister has become a doctor.

3. , . A child can understand it.

4. - , , .

He bought a book yesterday.

5. , what , .

What a smart man!

6. , such (, ), quite (, , , ), rather (, , , ). She is quite a young girl.

7. , so too . It is not so simple a problem as it seems.

 

the :

C :

1. , . Where is the key?

2. , , . When I entered the room I saw a man standing at the window. The man was very old.

3. , , .

The Earth is millions of kilometers from the Sun.

4. ( ). The pine grows in northern countries.

5. , , . The poor in New York live not so bad.

6. , , . They travelled along the A10.

:

1. (ocean), (sea), (river), (canal), (gulf).

2. (mountain range), (group of islands), (desert).

3. (theatre), (cinema, movie house), (museum), (gallery), (hotel), (restaurant).

4. (The Empire State Building, The Festival Hall, The White House, The Royal Palace), (The Morning Star), (The Titanic), (The European Community, The British Broadcasting Corporation).

5. , : Republic, Kingdom, States, Lands, .

:

The Bahamas The Gambia The Dominican Republic The Netherlands The Philippines The Argentine (: Argentina) The Seychelles The Crimea The Sudan The United Arab Emirates The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) The United States of America (the USA) The Ukraine The Hague The Vatican City The Russian Federation

6. : The North, The South, The East, The West.

In the north of France, The Middle East, The Far East,

: northern France, North America, West Africa

 

7. , .

The Ivanovs, The Blacks

( ) :

1. (names of people), (region), (state), (country), (continent), (island), (mountain), (city, town), (settlement), (village).

2. , (road, highway), (street), (square), (park).

3. (institute), (university), (station), (abbey), (zoo).

: The University of Florida, The College of Arts and Science

: Cambridge University, Coopers Art School, Santa Fe Community College

 

4. (producing company Kodak, Fiat), (airport), (airline).

5. , Mr./ Mrs./ Captain/ Doctor/ President/ Uncle/ Aunt/ Princess ..

Doctor Johnson

6. (hotel), (restaurant), (bank) .., , s -s: McDonalds.

7. (church), (temple), St Pauls Cathedral.

1. , .

1. When spring comes to ___ Moscow, it is already summer in ___ south, while in ___ north it is still winter. 2. When the temperature in ___ northern parts of ___ Siberia is 50C below zero, roses are in bloom in ___ western Georgia. 3. ___ hottest part of ___ country is ___ Central Asia. 4. ___ Russia has ___ extremely varied climate. 5. Kazakhstan has vast deposits of ___ coal, ___ oil, ___iron, ___ tin, ___ copper, and large quantities of ___ non-ferrous metals. 6. ___ Russian Federation is nearly two and a half times the size of ___ United States, seven times as big as ___ India, 60 times as big as ___ Japan, and 90 times as big as ___ Great Britain. 7. Moscow is ___ port of five seas - ___ White Sea, ___ Baltic Sea, ____ Sea of Azov, ____ Black Sea and ___ Caspian sea. 8. ___ Eastern Siberia alone has ___ more coal than all European countries taken together. 9. Look at ___ stars. ___ Bright star is ___ North Star. It shows the way ___ north. If we know the way to ___ north, we know the way to ___ south.

 

2. , .

1. Jasons father bought him ____ bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday. 2. _____ Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from _____ France to ____ United States. 3. Rita is studying ____ English and ____ Maths this semester. 4. Please, give me ____ cup of ____ coffee with ____ cream and ____ sugar. 5. No one in ____ Spanish class knew ____ correct answer to ____ Mrs. Perezs question. 6. My _____ car is four years old, and it still runs well. 7. When you go to _____ store, please buy _____ bottle of _____ chocolate milk and _____ dozen of oranges. 8. There are only ____ few seats left for ____ tonights musical at _____ university. 9. John and Marcy went to _____ school yesterday and then studied in _____ library. 10. ____ Lake Erie is one of ___ Five Great Lakes in ____ North America. 11. ____ Mount Rushmore is the site of ______ magnificent tribute to _____ four great American presidents. 12. What did you eat for ______ breakfast this morning? 13. Louie played _____ basketball and ____ baseball at ____ Boys Club thus year. 14. Rita plays ____ violin and her sister plays ____ guitar. 15. While we were in ____ Alaska, we saw _____ Eskimo village. 16. Phil cant go to ____ movies tonight because he has to write ____ essay. 17. David attended ____ Princeton University.

3. .

1. You know, we are going to ____ tea with ___Smiths today.

A _,_ C _, the

B the,_ D a, the

2. ___cats are domestic animals; _____ cat was domestic many centuries ago.

A _,the C _,_

B The, a D _,a

3. ____people next door have invited us over for ____ drink.

A _,_ C a, the

B the, a D the, _

4. What you think is _____ rubbish today, might be ____ treasure tomorrow.

A the, the C _,_

B _, a D the, _

5. I need ___ visa to __ Sudan.

A _,_ C a, the

B the, the D _, the

6. There are ___theaters and ___ Savoy Hotel in ___ Strand.

A the, the, the C _, the, the

B _, _, the D the, the, _

7. It is ___ pleasure to do ___ business with such _____ efficient organization.

A _, the, _ C a, _, an

B the, the, an D _, _, _

4. , .

1. Zachary Taylor was first president to be elected from a statewest
    a   b c  
  of theMississippi River.
  d  
2. Barnacles, which are related to lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, make
  a   b   c  
  stongest glue.
  d  
3. The world's fastest animal is cheetah, but if birds are included, the fastest
  a   b   c
  of all animals is the spine-tailed swift.
    d  
4. The land covers almost third of the earth's surface, of which two-thirds is
  a   b c   d  
  too cold or too dry for farming.
5. "Old Faithful" in the Yellowstone National Park is probably the world's
  a b   c
  most famous geyser.
  d  
                                           

 

 

 

(The Pronoun)

: (R) (W) .

  1. Just look at you! There are spots of paint all over yours face.
  2. How do one calls a nasty child that always tells lies?
  3. I never felt myself comfortable in that rocking chair of your's.
  4. You let himself get overtired what was the reason for his present sad condition.
  5. Why don't people give presents to one another more often? That could make their everyday life more joyful.
  6. Hers twins seem to be ever quarrelling with one another.
  7. Hi, it's Polly speaking. Is it Kate?
  8. I've seen your flier, yes, I think you could really enjoy staying in that resort as they describe.
  9. There was hailing outside what was rather unusual for early spring.
  10. Was it a party here last night? Was there noisy?

I. : .

 

, .
I Me
You You
He Him
She Her
It It
We Us
You You
They Them
  Iasked him to come and see me.  
  She told me to bring the book to her.  
               

1. :

1. (We, us) all went with (their, them) to the deans office. 2. My friend came to see (I, me) last night. 3. Victor gave Peter and (I, me) new CD and we went to the library with (he, him) and his friend. 4. He told Mary and (me, I) to go with (he, him) and his sister. 5. They know all about my friend and (I, me). 6. An old man asked (we, us) to come and see (him, his). 7. Go with David and (her, she) to visit (they, them).

 

II. .

1 (+ ) 2 ( )
My Mine
Your Yours
His His
Her Hers
Its Its
Our Ours
Your Yours
Their Theirs

Her paper was interesting. - .

My office is large, yours is larger. - , .

2. 1 2 .

1. I have studied all ___ programs; can I have one of ___? 2. Peter has lost ___ file. 3. Mr. Brown and Mr. Black and a friend of ___ are visited our conference. 4. We are going to Moscow to buy new hardware with a friend of ___. 5. I have made ___ report, and Mary has made ___, so come and make ___ now. 6. Susan wants to know if you have seen ___ file.

 

3. :

1. They invited me to (them, their) lecture. 2. He couldnt answer (his, he) professor. 3. They were (your, you) former students. 4. You are (us, our) colleagues. 5. This is (my, me) site. 6. Where is the dictionary? (He, it) is in (his, its) place on the table.

 

4. :

1. Your motherboard is new, but (my, mine) is not. 2. She says that modem is (her, hers). 3. You can run program without my help, but not without (their, theirs.) 4. Will you help me to sort these discs? I cannot tell which are (your, yours) and which are (our, ours). 5. It is a keyboard of (my, mine). 6. Do you know (your, yours) lesson today? He does not know (him, his). 7. This is your notebook and this is his, but where is (her, hers)?

5. , .

1. An error in the program was caused by a malfunction in the computer or its related equipment. 2. EBCDIC is an acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It is the standard code used in IBM equipment. 3. Many people have executed benchmarks on Linux systems and found them comparable. 4. Linux was originally developed as a hobby by Linux Torwalds. Minix inspired him.

III. : myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves : She washed herself. - . : We saw it ourselves. - . : to shave, to bathe, to hide, to dress, to wash. : to behave, to concentrate, to feel, to meet, to relax.

6. :

1. Ill give you the money to buy the trees, but youll have to plant them ___. 2. Wed like to make the shelves ___. 3. The work ___ isnt difficult, but we simply havent the time to do it. 4. The tents ___ were small, but there was a big building where we could play or read when the weather is rainy. 5. Buy me some fruit and take some for ___. 6. The old man was walking up the street talking to ___. 7. I always draw the pictures for our wall newspaper ___. 8. How do you know the things? Ann told me everything ___. 9. Nobody wants to go with me, so Ill go

by ___. 10. I hear you are going to Paris. I hope you will enjoy ___.

 

IV. : this these, that - those, such, the same, it.

this that : this-these, that-those.

Give me that document.
I know these documents.
This is the same document.
It was sucha pleasant party.

This/ these, that/ those , , , . : The climate of this part of the country differs from that of our region. - .

7. , that:

1. That student studies in our group. 2. Do you knot those girls? They are from our institute. 3. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 4. That higher education in this country is excellent is known to everybody. 5. The program for the first-year students differs from that of the third-year students. 6. There are many interesting articles in this journal, read those of your specialty.

8. , :

1. These discs are hard and those are floppy. 2. Your variants are more effective than those of your colleagues. 3. The keys in the main portion of the keyboard are laid out like those of a standard typewriter. 4. The function keys arent important as those in the table. 5. An electronic document is much more efficient than t hat a paper. 6. The speed of 96,000 characters per second is that of 8,000 words per minute. 7. Keys for controlling MS-DOS are much the same as those as Windows.

V. : who (?), whom (?), whose (?), what (?), which (? ?)

What has he become? ?
Which month is the warmest in England? ?
The man who is sitting there is my boss. , , .
I don't know whose paper this is. , .

9. .

Who wrote this article? The specialist who wrote this article
_____________________ __________ ____________
Whose research is that? The scientist whose research is given.
Who are these editors addressed to? The users to whom these editors are addressed
What is that? Nobody knows what has happened.
What is a good text editor? We don't know what editor to use.
What editor do you use? I'll recommend you what you are interested in.
Which of the systems interests you most? The system which you are interested in
How is it used? We don't know how to use it.
When was it developed? It was developed when nobody believed, it was possible.

VI. some, any no :

, : , .

 

some , Well discuss some problems at the conference. - .
- There were some 200 at the conference. - 200 .
any , You can get this D at any shop. - .
  - Is there any information from him? - - ?
He wasnt asked any questions about his new computer program. - .
no , There is no information on this question. - .
None, None of Are there any programs on this problem? -No, there are none. - ? - .
One   - One can plug disk into CPU without help. .  
    , You may take my mouse. - Thank you, I have one, the one that Peter gave me yesterday. - . - , , , .

 

10. some, any, no:

1. Are there ___ students here from Japan? 2. There are ___ students here from Japan, but there are not ___ from India. 3. Is there ___ news? Yes, there are ___ letters on the desk. 4. If ___ difficulties arise, let me know. 5. They have ___ really good friends. Have you got ___? 6. Can anybody of you help us? - ___ problem. 7. Would you like ___ ice cream, please? - ___ more, thank you, Ive had ___. 8. I take ___ sugar with my tea, it fattens me. 9. He told us ___ strange story. 10. They havent got ___ conveniences in their country house but they are going to get ___.

 

11. somebody, anybody, nobody:

1. It is so dark here! Can you see ___ in front of us? 2. Do you know that ___ has broken the door to the laboratory? 3. Do you know ___ here? 4. She said she could recognize ___because of their painted faces. 5. Is there ___ at home? No, there is ___ in. 6. Im sure there is ___ inside, just knock louder! 7. If ___ comes, he will give you a call. 8. Are you waiting for ___? 9. Dont be silly! There is ___ there.

12. something, anything, nothing:

1. Im sure ___ can be done under the circumstances. 2. There is always ___ I dont understand. 3. Is there ___ else you would like me to explain to you? 4. Nelly has got very important news. Its ___ you would like to hear. 5. I dont want ___ at all. 6. I think there is ___ strange about this man. 7. ___ ever interests him. 8. Shall we go anywhere for the weekend? Sorry, we cant we all have ___ to do. 9. Everybody thinks he should buy ___ for the party. 10. ___ serious can come out of this.

13. one :

 

1. One must study a lot to become an engineer. 2. We must write only one exercise now. 3. Engineer is one of the most important professions; it is the one that is taught at technical institutes. 4. One cannot translate such an article without a dictionary in the first year. 5. One must have a very good knowledge of general engineering subjects to become a good engineer. 6. One must pass all exams well to enter the institute. 7. Last summer I read many English technical articles, and my friend read some German ones. 8. This summer we shall spend in the country, the last one we spent in the city. 9. We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate. 10. One can take this journal from the library.

some, any, no, every

+thing +body, one +where .
Some - - Something - - Somebody Someone - - Somewhere - - - - + 1. Take some books you like. 2. Could you give me some water?
Any , - Anything - - Anybody Anyone , -, - Anywhere 1. 2. - - 1. +     2.? 1. You can cash your money at any bank. 2. Do you have any English programs at home?
No, not any + Nothing not anything + + Nobody not anybody + Nowhere not anywhere , + - I have no information about this.
Every Everything Everybody Everyone Everywhere , +? I know everything about it.

 

: : either or , neither nor -.

 

either, neither :

I know neither him, nor his professor. - , . I dont like this computer. - Neither do I. - . .

 

14. , :

1. There are some students in the room now. 2. Are there any students in the classroom now? 3. Everybody knows that one can find any book in the Lenin library. 4. There are no students in the classroom now. 5. I was looking for the new reference book on physics everywhere, but couldnt find it. 6. I must have some paper, I cant write anything. 7. This man knows something, but he doesnt want to tell us. 8. I have seen you somewhere before. 9. No one said anything to us about it at the meeting. 10. In our institute library I always find everything I need. 11. We could find information nowhere. 12. They found nobody at home.

VIII. : each other, one another : , .

 

They greeted each other. - .

They greeted one another. - .

15. , .

1. Is there everything else youwould like meto explainto you?
  a b c d  
2. She saidshe could recognizesomebody because of their painted faces.
  a b c   d
3. They havent gotsome conveniencesin their country house.
  a b c
4. None facultyat our institutehasa computer.
  a b c d  
5. I knowneither himor his professor.
  a b c  
                                 

 

5. . .

(The adjective. The adverb)

: (R) (W) .

  1. I think it's unfairly to treat her so, she only looks timidly.
  2. His sunny smile doesn't necessarily imply a hearty welcome.
  3. The southest point on the surface of the Earth is called Southern Pole.
  4. He's the most luckiest person in the group, he's finished the project more early than the rest of us.
  5. Step aside, will you? The floor upstairs is being repaired.
  6. He hardly always speaks in public and he scarcely never goes anywhere.
  7. In vain he tried to conceal his broken by misfortune wife from the eyes inquisitive.
  8. He can't take away his greedy hazel eyes from the slim little girl in the corner.
  9. Then he'll forget again and promise that he next time will certainly do it.
  10. Yesterday at the opera she sang brilliantly.

 

I. :

1. (heavy)

2. (effective)

3. (a six-foot machine)

2. C-, :

very rather somewhat fairly , extremely too quite a little a bit ,

3. :

. : -er, -est.

- , : dense denser the densest

- , y, -ow, -le, :

narrow - narrower the narrowes t; busy busier the busiest;

- , , : concise conciser - the consisest

 

b. : more, the most; less, the least

- , :

productive more productive - the most productive

less productive - the least productive

: : angry, clever, cruel, friendly, gently, handsome (), narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet (), simple, subtle (), profound (), keen (, ), true.

c. c :

good better the best
bad worse the worst
little less the least
many/ much more the most
old older the oldest ( )
  elder the eldest (
far farther the farthest ( )
  further the furthest (, )
late later the latest ( )
  latter ( )  
  last ( )  
  the last ( )  
near nearer the nearest ( )
  next ( )  
  the next ( )  

 

4. :

1. asas (. , )

1. not as/ so as ( )

2. the same as ( .)

3. twice as as ( )

4. half the size, half as much, half as age, half the weight ( )

5. the + the +

( ), : the more the better.

6. than -

7. much bigger, much more interesting-

5. :

in the negative/ positive ( / ), at least ( ), to the quick ( ), in the open air ( ), on the whole ( ), in the main ( ), in short (), in general ( ), for the best of ( -), to do ones best ( ), not in the least ( ), all of a sudden (), out of the blue sky ( ), to leave for good ( ), for ones good ( -), to be in the dark ( ), to give smb a high ( -), to do smth. for the good of ( -), to the full ( ).

6. :

, to be, to appear, to seem, to sound, to look, to taste, to feel, to smell .

: It sounds interesting, it smells wonderful, it seems awful.

 

7. :

1. , , , s .: the blind, the sick.

2. , , , . : a Russian. . : the Russians.

8. :

opinion () value () - size () age () shape () colour () origin () material () purpose () temperature () - noun.

9. :

1. (enough, then)

2. (slowly, likewise, forward)

3. (anyhow, sometimes, nowhere)

 

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