, . . , , . . , , ( , ).
( , . ., ). , -, .
, , () , (). , , (, , ) .
( ) , , , . , ( ), , (, ).
, , , , . , . .
, .
, , , , . , () U , , , U .
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. 1. , 0. U , I . . , , , U , U , I .
, , I , U I , U U a. :
R i = ctg a = (U - U )/(I - I ) .
, . 2.
(t =0) (Ne) ( Ri = ¥).
(. 3), , U . , , . U = U . R i , ctg a (. . 1). , , U . U , U , , Ri = ¥, , . U , . .
. 3, , . , . 3, .
, , . 2, , U U U U , :
U < U < U < U .
, . 2 . ABOD:
IR + U C = U .
I = dq / dt U = q / C,
:
RC + U C = U . (1)
(1) t = 0, U = 0
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U C = U (1 - ). (2)
RC .
t t :
= t + t .
:
t 3 = t 2 t 1,
t 2 U , t 1 U (. . 3).
t 2 t 1 (2):
U = U (1 - ); U = U (1 - ).
t 2 = - RC×ln ; t 1 = - RC×ln .
,
t 3 = t 2 - t 1 = RC×ln . (3)
(, U = 0)
t = RiC×ln . (4)
R (R >> Ri), t t ,
T t 3 = RC × ln . (5)
(5) , RC.
, U , U U , .
. , , , ..