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, (7.3), (7.5), (7.6) (7.7), . .

n . , ε. , , Ρ (ε):

Ρ (ε) = Ρ (| - | < ε). (7.8)

- , ε +ε. + ε , I ε = ε - . , - [4]. m ( 1, 2), m N, , . , , . , , P [ Î ( 1, 2)] ( 1, 2),

P [ Î ( 1, 2)] ≈ m / N. (7.9)

, P [ Î ( 1, 2)] ( 1, 2), . , (- 1, 2) ( 1 > 0) [1]

 

P [ Î (- 1, 2)] = P [| | < 1] = 2 ( / σ) = 2 Φ (t) = (t), (7.10)

(t) :

(- t) = - (t); (7.11)

2 ( / σ) = 2 Φ (t) = (t) ( t = / σ) - . Ÿ t 7.6;

( / σ) = Φ (t) - ;

σ - .

, tσ, (t > 0),

Ρ [| | > tσ ] = 1 - 2 Φ (t). (7.12)

³ 3 σ (.. t ³ 3) Ρ[| | > tσ ] (Ρ [| | > 3 σ ] =1 - 2 (3) = 0,0027), . . (), | | > 3 σ, . σ , (7.5) σ ,

| | > 3 σ . (7.13)

7.6 - (t) = 2 Φ (t) [1, 4, 30] (- t) = - (t)

t (t) t (t) t (t)
0.00   0.0000   0.75   0.5467   1.50   0.8864  
0.05   0.0399   0.80   0.5763   1.55   0.8789  
0.10   0.0797   0.85   0.6047   1.60   0.8904  
0.15   0.1192   0.90   0.6319   1.65   0.9011  
0.20   0.1585   0.95   0.6579   1.70   0.9109  
0.25   0.1974   1.00   0.6827   1.75   0.9199  
0.30   0.2357   1.05   0.7063   1.80   |0.9281  
0.35   0.2737   1.10   0.7287   1.85   0.9357  
0.40   0.3108   1.15   0.7419   1.90   0.9426  
0.45   0.3473   1.20   0.7699   1.95   0.9488  
0.50   0.3829   1.25   0.7887   2.00   0.9545  
0.55   0.4177   1.30   0.8064   2.25   0.9756  
0.60   0.4515   1.35   0.8230   2.50   0.9876  
0.65   0.4843   1.40   0.8385   3.00   0.9973  
0.70   0.5161   1.45   0.8529   4.00   0.9999  

7.6, , Ρ [| |> tσ ] 5% ( (t) = 2 (t) = 0,95), > 1,96 σ (t > 1,96). , Ρ [| |> tσ ] 1% ( (t) = 2 (t) = 0,99), > 2,576 σ (t > 2,576). , Ρ [| |> tσ ] 0,1% ( (t) = 2 (t) = 0,999), > 3,291 σ (t > 3,291). t [1]. σ (7.5) , .

, , . . λ, [10]

λ = ( 2 - 1) / σ (7.14 )

λ = ( n - n-1) / σ , (7.14)

, . 7.7 n α = 0,95 λ = 0,95. λλ (a = 0,95), . λ > λ (a = 0,95), ( ), . x σ . [10] .

7.7 - λ(a = 0,95) α = 0,95 n [10]

n            
λ(a = 0,95) 1,3   1,2   1,1   1,0   0,9   0,8  




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