.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


2




: .

, .

 

12.3.

 

- , , . , n <12, ( ) ().

8.207-76. :

1. .

2. () .

3. , .

4. .

5. C .

6. , .

7. ( ) .

8. ( ) .

9. .

, .

(, U ).

. , n = 20, , (50 ).

1. , .15.

15

                   
xi                    
                   
xi                    

 

, .. (. .16).

16

                   
xi                    
                   
xi                    

 

2. : mx, Dx, sx X

() .

* , , () 8 - 10 .

, . . , Ji X, ni i, , Pi* Pi X (i: i +1).

k

k = 3,322 lg n + 1 = 3,322 lg20 + 1 = 3,322 ´ 1,3010 + 1 ≈ 5 = 5.

, k = 5.

(i: i +1) , .

.17 ( ).

17

Ji 95 - 97 97 - 99 99 - 101 101 - 103 103 - 105
ni          
Pi* 0,10 0,20 0,40 0,20 0,10
Pi 0,0753 0,2395 0,3472 0,2395 0,0753

 

4. (. 23) (. 24), .

, .

5. ( 1).

 

.23.

 

 

. 24.

 

Pi :

 

17 ( ).

6. - ().

7. - , s :

r = k - s = 5 - 3 = 2.

8. ( 2) - ( c 2 = 0,6692 r = 2) P = 0,65, .

P = 0,65 , .

9.

,

.

10. t a P a= 0,95. n - 1 = 20 - 1 = 19.

( 3) t a= 2,09.

11. x .

 

 

, 95 % 95,3 104,7.

12. x , . , ..

.

 

95 % , 99 101 .

 

 

1. .

2. ?

3. ?

4. , ?

5. ?

 

13.

13.1. ר

8.563.1 -97, 8.563.2 97.*

*( 8.586.1-5 2005 . 1-5).

 

:

-

:

- (4), = 99,00 %

- (N2), = 0,79 %

- (2), = 0,21 %

:

1. : = 748 . .;

2. : = 0,4 ;

3. : t = 10 . ;

4. : ρ = 0,67992 / 3;

5.

: Δ = 100 ;

6. : 1

7.

: d2 0 = 61,354 ;

8.

: r = 0,05 ;

9.

: D20 = 100 ;

10.

: R = 0,1 ;

11. : q = 8000 3 /;

12. : q = 3000 3 /;

13.

: 5 %

14.

30319.0 - 96: = 0,101325 ;

15.

30319.0 - 96: = 293,15 .

1. , p, :

= 748 .. = 748×13.595×10-4 = 1,0169 = 0,09972

= 0,4

= 0,09972 + 0,4 = 0,49972

2. , , :

=273,15 + t C

= 273,15 + 10 = 283,15

3. , m, :

30319.1 30319.3

m = mm,

- ;

m - ,

.

, , (48) (49) 30319.2, :

p = 2,9585(1,608 - 0,05994 ρ + x - 0,392 x),

= 88,25(0,9915 + 1,759 ρ - - 1,681 x).

= 2,9585(1,608 - 0,05994×0,67992 + 0,21 - 0,392×0,79) = 4,34179 ,

T = 88,25(0,9915 +1,759×0,67992- 0,21 - 1,681×0,79) = 57,3173 ,

= 0,49972 / 4,34179 = 0,11509

= 283,15 / 57,3173 = 4,940

m = 1+(0,0132457/118,2) = 1 + 0,000112 = 1,000112

m = 21,99433 = 0,00002199433

m = 0,00002199433×1,000112 = 0,0000219968

4. () k ( 30319.1 30319.3):

k = 1,556(1+0,074 x) - 3,9×10-4 (1- 0,68 x) - 0,208 ρ +

+ (ρ / )1,43[384(1 - x) (ρ / )0,8 + 26,4 x ],

k = 1,556(1+0,074×0,79) - 3,9×10-4×283,15(1- 0,68×0,79) - 0,208×0,67992 +

+ (0,49972/283,15)1,43 × [384(1- 0,79)(0,49972/283,15)0,8+ 26,4×0,79] =

= 1,456902584

5. () () .

5.1 , :

D = D20 t,

t - ;

t = 1 + γ (t - 20),

γ - ( 20)

γ = 10-6 [ + 10-3 t b - 10-6 t 2 ]

(, b, - , .1 8.563.1 97).

γ = 10-6 [11,1 + 10-3×10×7,7- 10-6×102×3,4] = 11,1766610-6

t =10

t = 1 + 11,17666×10-6(10 -20)= 0,999888

D20 = 100

D = 100×0,999888 = 99,9888

5.2 d, :

d = d20 0,

0-

0 = 1+ γ (t - 20),

γ - ( 12189);

γ = 10-6 [15,6 + 10-3108,3 - 10-61026,5] = 10-6 [15,6+0,083+0,00065] = 15,682310-6

0 = 1 + 15,682310-6 (10-20) = 0,999843

d20 = 61,354

d = 61,3540,999843 = 61,344

6. , β:

7. , E:

,

8. , , ( ):

~ = 0,5959 +0,0312 β 2,1 - 0,1840 β 8,

~ = 0,5959 +0,03120,6135362,1 - 0,18400,6135368 = 0,60339

9. , :

,

- ,

,

rH = 0,05

= 1,006126

10. , ε:

,

ε = 1 - (0,41 + 0,350,6135364)×100/(1,46562758×449,72) = 0,93687378

11. 8.563.1- 97 :

.

, = 1,

, = 1 + β 4 r 0Re

:

10,0011 > 0,9753264 .. , :

r0 ( 8.563.1-97)

,

R = 1, R > 106 ( 8.563.1-97) = 1+ 0,6135364×0,03×1 = 1,004250.

12. ρ, -3 :

- , .

30319.2 - 96 . . ( = 0,99139586).

-3

13. , Re:

,

e3 - , .6 8.563.2-97 (3=1,2732×103).

14. Δω, :

,

Δω = (1 - 0,6135361,9)×100 = 60,48

15. , Re:

,

16. , :

α = 1,079393×0,603666 = 0,651876

17. , :

= ~ K Re

= 0,60339×1,000458 = 0,603666

18. , q , 3/:

,

1 - , .4 8.563.2-97 ( 1 = 1,2645×10-1);

qc = 0,12645×1,079393×0,60339×1,000458×1,006126×1,0042499×0,9998432×

×61,3542×0,93687378× (0,67992)-1×(3,502037648×100)0,5 = 8078,254642 3/

19. , q, /:

q = q ρ = q0 ρ

q = 8127,74203×0,67992 = 5526,21436 / = 1,525713 /

 

, , , . . - . , . , , : - .

 

13.2.

"-", .4.47 26.12.00, /:004-470533 (P: , )

: ̻

N 1 2.12.2005,

8.563.1-97, 8.563.2-97.

(-315)

-

. ( ., .):

- 99,00 %

- ............(0.050, 0.000)........ 0.79 %

- 2.............(0.050, 0.000)........ 0.21 %

................. 750.076 .

....................... 0.4

* ....................... 0.5

............................... 5.0 .C

.......... 0.6792 /3

..0.05 %

........0.0 %

* .............. 3.56565 /3

* ................... 0.99065569

.... NX19 .

* ....................... 1.3081

* ..................... 0.00001054 ∙

.......................... 100

.................. 1

.. 100.0

:

.................... 61.355

*

........................ 61.341

........... 12189

*

............ 0.99977

......... 0.05

, ................... 1

*

.................. 1.00639

. 100.0

* ... 99.983

..................... 20

*

.................... 0.99983

....................... 0.15

*

.............................. 1.006

, 100D :

( )

( )

............................... 6240

1- 2-

... 100

1- 2- 100.0

................................ 1850

, ............. 0.0 %

................. 12

.............. 4000

* ........................ 0.0 %

* 0.6135

* ................... 1850791.3

* .. 0.6519

* .................... 0.9297

* ..................... 0.6039

* ........................... 60.20418

:

* - .................. 8116.2338 3/

* ........................... 1.5312628 /

.

................ 800.00 .

................ 600.00 .

:

.... 0.000 %

........ 0.000 %

:

.................... 1.00000





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