1900 , , 15- . 80- XX . , 1980 40% 45- 50- (Brody, 1985). , , 30- XX 60- , (Gatz, Bengston & Blum, 1990), . . , ; . , , . , (Brody, Litvin, Hoffman & Kloban, 1995b).
To, , , , . , , , , , , , . , .
16. 695
, , , . , (Stueve, O'Don-nell, 1984).
, , . . , (Troll, 1989). , , , . .
. , , . , , (Stueve, O'Don-nell, 1984; Troll, Fingerman, 1996). (Giordano, Beckman, 1985). , . , (Jackson et al., 1990). , , , .
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, , , , . , . , , (Albert, Brody, 1996; Gould, 1978; Neugarten, 1976).
. , . . ; , . , . (Marks, 1996) , 35 64 - . , 1970- , -
696 IV.
, 80 90% , , , , , , (Brody, 1985).
16.2
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, .
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, .
, .
, , , .
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: Midlife Myths: Issues, Funding, and Practice implications by S. Hunte, M. Surdel, eds. .
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, (Matthews, Rosner, 1988). , , 75% - . 10% (Stone, Cafferata & Sangl, 1987). , , , ; , -, . , - , . , , 5 .
16. 697
, , (Brody, Kleban, Johnsen, Hoffman & Schoonover, 1987; Gatz et. al, 1990; Spitze, Logan, 1990). To (Globerman, 1996), (Brody, Schoonover, 1990). , , . , , . , (Brody et al., 1987). , , 20 30% , , , . , , ( ).
(Goet-ting, 1982). , , . , , (Brody, Johnsen & Fulcomer, 1984). 2 , (Matthews, Werkner & Delaney, 1989). , .
, ( 30,40 50 , ?), ( ?). , , ( ?) (Stueve, O'Donnell, 1984). . , , (Stull, Bowman & Smerglia, 1994). (Brody, Litvin, Hoffman & Kleban, 1995a; Brody et al, 1995b) .
, , . . . . , , . , . -
698 IV.
16.1