, (II) - , (III) - . .
. () Ag+ / NH3. , . - , , . , [Ag(NH3)2]Cl NH4+,
NH3 H2O
NH4OH ( -
). , .
2NH3 H2O (Mr = 52, 08; t = −78, 2◦ C)
NH3 2H2O (Mr = 53, 06; t = −97◦ C). -
, -
N HO. (310%- NH3, d =
= 0, 982÷0, 958) ( ),
(18,525%- NH3, d = 0, 93 ÷ 0, 91) -
( ). ,
. ,
. , -
, . -
()
K2[HgI4] ( NH3 H2O ).
. 2732, 28910.
Mr = 35, 05; t = −77◦ C.
1. NH3 H2O(.) NH+4 +OH−; pK = 4, 76.
2. NH3 H2O(.)= NH3↑ +H2O (. NaOH).
3. NH3 H2O+HE(.)= NH4E+H2O (E = F, Cl, Br, I),
NH3 H2O+2HF(.)= NH4(HF2) + H2O.
4. NH3 H2O+H2SO4(., .)= NH4HSO4 +H2O,
2(NH3 H2O) + H2SO4(., .)= (NH4)2SO4 +H2O.
5. NH3 H2O + HNO3(.)= NH4NO3 +H2O.
6. NH3 H2O(.)+H3PO4(.)= NH4(H2PO4) +H2O,
2(NH3 H2O)[.]+H3PO4(.)= (NH4)2HPO4 + 2H2O.
7. NH3 H2O(.)+EO2 = NH4HEO3 (E = C, S),
2(NH3 H2O)[.]+EO2 = (NH4)2EO3 +H2O (.).
8. NH3 H2O(.)+H2S(.)= NH4HS + H2O.
9. NH3 H2O+CH3COOH(.)= NH4(CH3COO) + H2O.
10. 4(NH3 H2O) + 4S = (NH4)2SO3S +2NH4HS + H2O.
11. NH3 H2O(.)+CO = NH4(HCOO).
12. 2(NH3 H2O) + CS2 = NH4NCS + H2S↑ +2H2O (110◦ C, p).
13. 3(NH3 H2O)[., .]+AlCl3 = Al(OH)3↓ +3NH4Cl,
3(NH3 H2O)[., .]+AlCl3 = AlO(OH)↓ +3NH4Cl + H2O.
14. 6(NH3 H2O) + (n − 3)H2O+Fe2(SO4)3 = Fe2O3 nH2O↓ +3(NH4)2SO4.
15. NH3 H2O+NaClO(.)= NH2Cl↑ +NaOH + H2O ( 25◦ C, .),
2(NH3 H2O) + NaClO(.)= N2H4 H2O + NaCl + 3H2O (.).
16. 8(NH3 H2O)[.]+3Br2 = N2↑ +8H2O+6NH4Br (4050◦ C).
17. 2(NH3 H2O)[.]+2KMnO4 = 2MnO2↓ +N2↑ +2KOH + 4H2O,
18. 2(NH3 H2O)[.]+AgCl() = [Ag(NH3)2]Cl + 2H2O,
4(NH3 H2O)[.]+CuSO4 = [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O.
19. 4(NH3 H2O)[.]+Ba[PtCl4] = [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2 +BaCl2 + 4H2O,
2(NH3 H2O)[.]+Ba[PtCl6] =-[Pt(NH3)2Cl4] +BaCl2 + 2H2O.
20. 4(NH3 H2O) + 2K2[HgI4] = (Hg2N)I H2O↓ +4KI + 3NH4I + 3H2O.3H2O)[.]+K2Cr2O7() = 2Cr(OH)3↓ +N2↑ +2KOH+H2O (.).
