, . , - . () . 80 20 .
.
. .
.
, (m) . , 1,991*10-26 , .
(r) - , 1/12 12 .
m _____
r = 1/12 m 12
1/12 12 (...)
... =1/12 m 12=1,66057 *10-27
() .. . .
, ...:
m (Cl) = 35,5* 1,66057 *10-27 = 5,89 10-23
, .
, , .
r - , 1/12 12 (12)
m
r = 1/12 m 12
, , .
3.1.1
.
. , , :
r (Al) = 27, Ar (S) = 32, Ar (O) = 16.
:
Mr (Al2 (SO4)3 ) = 2Ar (Al) + 3 Ar(S) + 12Ar (O).
Mr (Al2(SO4)3 ) = 2*27 + 3*32 + 12*16 = 369
, - .
, (, , , ), 12 12.
12 , , 1,991*10-26 .
N =12/ 1,991*10-26 = 6,02*1023 1/ .
|
|
n, v ( ) :
n = n\NA (1 )
() . , m n:
M = m\ n (2)
/.
, 18 /.
3.1.2
( ) .
: :
H2SO4 ,
________ 98 /,
: m = M / NA (3)
m (H2SO4) -? m (H2SO4) = 98 / 6,02*1023 = 16*10-23
3.1.3
5734. () .
: :
Mr = 5734 1.
_____________ Mr=m/1/12 m 12C,
1/12 m 12 = 1,661*10 27
m? 2. :
m = 1,661*10 27* 5734* 103 = 9,5210-21
3.1.4
Br2 6,4 .
: :
m (Br2) = 6,4 1. ,
160 / (2Ar(Br))
___________ (2):
: n (Br2) = m (Br2) / M (Br2)
n (Br2) -? n (Br2) = 6,4 / 160 = 0, 04
2. (1) n = n * NA, n = 0,04 * 6,02 * 1023 = 2,4*1022
(.. , 1748 1756 , . , 1777 .)
, , .
. . .
(.. 1801 .)
.
, (IV) ( ). 2 72,72%, 27,27% ( ). , , .
( , ) .
:
.
, , .